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Elevation
Precipitation
Groundwater depth
Runoff
Distance to sea
Temperature
Distance to water
source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2000_Year_Temperature_Comparison.png
Kummu et al 2011
World population
1862
1908
1960s
1890s
1798
1910s: artificial fertilizer by Carl Bosch and Fritz Haber
1862: Louis Pasteur's experiment to preserve food
Landmarks in science, linked to population
1860s: link with hygiene and child mortality
1960s: green revolution
1890s: wastewater treatment
1798: first vaccination for smallbox
Today we are more than 20 times that...
Each of these persons represent
a 100 million people,
thousand years ago...
Steffen et al 2015
Rockström et al 2009
Data from HYDE database
% of global population:
AFRICA
ASIA
COMBINED
1900: 8%
1960: 9%
2015: 15%
2050: 21...23%
2100: 28...31%
1900: 61%
1960: 60%
2015: 68%
2050: 69...72%
2100: 67...75%
1900: 54%
1960: 51%
2015: 53%
2050: 48...49%
2100: 39...44%