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Life in New Mexico's Hispanic Communities
Pieces of land given to settlers.
1)Pueblo land grant: For Pueblo villages
2)Private grants: For one person or families
3)Community grants: Each family got a small piece, but most of the land belonged to everyone. It was used for hunting, firewood, and grazing. It could not be sold.
Rules:
farming mainly to feed your own family
NM didn't have much metal, so tools were mostly wooden.
corn, wheat, chile, beans, other vegetables, some fruits, cotton
carreta: small wooden cart
large farms where both crops and cattle were raised.
acequia: ditch that was dug for irrigation
Hacendados : people who owned haciendas
They hired people to work form them.
They were more wealthy than most.
trading good for other goods
New Mexicans traded
for
1600 miles between Santa Fe and Mexico City
Indian Blankets
sheep
hides
pinon nuts
El Paso wine
paper
books
iron tools
clothes
shoes
chocolate
sugar
tobacco
liquor
Travel between to two could take months.
NM lacked good roads. Mail service and traders were not regular.
After 1750, New Mexicans created their own santos.
santos: images of saints
santero: a person who makes santos
retablo: religious painting or carving on a flat surface
bulto: carved or sculpted images of a saint
1804 The Cow Pox Vaccine
Doctors in England figured out that if you gave someone cow pox, they would never get small pox.
The King of Spain wanted all of his citizens to be given cow pox.
For New Spain, doctors gave cow pox to orphans who wanted to go across the sea.
They used these sick children to carry the disease, which they gave to the children of New Mexico.
Cow pox was a lot like small pox.
Lots of people got it.
But, unlike small pox, you wouldn't die.
And if you got cow pox, you wouldn't get small pox.
People of mixed blood
A person born of black and white parents.
Barack Obama: of "mixed blood" but not present in NM during the 1700s
Child born of Spanish and Indian parents
In New Mexico, the vast majority were Spaniards or Pueblo Indians.
These groups intermarried, and over time became the population became more and more mixed.
1700s: Census figures by Spanish officials only listed two groups of people..
1)Spaniards and castes
2)Indians
Indian that did not usually live in New Mexico
1700s - early 1800s