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The Puyehue volcano is located in the Puyehue-Cordon-Caulle volcano ring, situated roughly 800km south of Santiago, the capital of Chile.
It's co-ordinates are 40.590 S, 72.117 W.
Puyehue erupted on Saturday the 4th of June, 2011; sending a 10km high plume of ash into the atmosphere. This occured after 51 years of inactivity.
Volcanic eruptions are generally caused when:
The tectonic activity
occurred along the plate boundary
where the Nazca Plate is subducting
beneath the South American Plate
Spread of ash cloud
across Chile, Argentina
and Uruguay
The ash fall was very
thick in many cities, including
in the Argentinean cities of
Villa la Angostura, Bariloche.
This caused many road traffic
issues.
The far spread ash cloud
resulted in much damage to
livestock, due to respiratory issues
caused by the particles of ash
As ash affects the
functionality of aeroplane
engines, 6 aiports were
closed in Argentina and
international flights were
restricted
• Earth Observatory Retrieved on 8/5/15 from: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=50862
• Chile volcano chain: Puyehue erupts, forcing evacuation Retrieved on 8/5/15 from: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-13657187
• PUYEHUE (Puyehue-Cordón Caulle): Hazard and damage! Retrieved on 8/5/15 from: http://www.v-e-i.de/vhdl/project/puyehue.html
• Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Retrieved on 8/5/15 from: http://www.volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=357150
• Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Volcano Retrieved on 8/5/15 from: http://www.volcanolive.com/puyehue.html
• Puyehue volcano eruptions Retrieved on 17/5/15 from: http://www.volcanodiscovery.com/puyehue-cordon_caulle-eruptions.html#er250
• Earthquake Definitions Retrieved on 17/5/15 from: http://www.ses.vic.gov.au/prepare/prepare-resources/earthquake-definitions
• Volcanic Ash and Pumice from Puyehue Retrieved on 17/5/15 from: http://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2011/06/volcanic-ash-and-pumice-from-puyehue/100088/
• Subduction Zones Retrieved on 17/5/15 from: http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/subducvolc_page.html
There were no deaths as a result of the eruption, and no injuries were recorded.
Other impacts include:
• The ash cloud produced by the eruption crossed Chile’s borders and precipitated over the Argentinean cities of Villa la Angostura, Bariloche and the northern part of Chubut province.
• Price of transportation greatly rose: Ferry company TT Line charged overpriced fares of $300 (original price for tickets was $99).
• Power failures due to ash settling on power lines and bringing them down.
Impacts of the disaster include:
• Evacuation: 3500 people were evacuated prior to the eruption.
• Environmental damage: Lake Nahuel Huapi was contaminated with ash. The Nilahue River was also at risk of flooding due to pyroclastic material that filled it. The temperature of the Nilahue River rose to 45 °C, and killed an estimated 4.5 million fish.
• Air traffic: As a result of the ash cloud, many airports were closed: 6 airports in Argentina, and 283 cancelled flights, leaving 41000 people stranded.
• Economical damage: By July 2011, the economic loss overall for Chile was estimated to be $600million. The farming industry suffered greatly, due to death of livestock. The tourism industry also suffered as international flights were restricted after the eruption.
Subduction zone – is an area when the oceanic crust is forced downwards and destroyed due to extremely high pressure.
The friction + increased temperature in the mantle melt the oceanic crust.
The swarm of seismic activity that lead to the eruption of the Puyehue eruption was a result of the Nazca plate colliding with the South American plate.
Where these two plates meet, it is called a convergent plate boundary. This is where an oceanic plate colliding with a continental plate is forced downwards, and a subduction zone is formed.
** The tectonic plates are constantly moving because of the convection currents beneath the Earth's surface**
The tectonic activity that resulted in the Puyehue eruption occurred roughly 120-150km away from the area of disaster, along the South American Plate boundary. This tectonic activity was the result of the Nazca Plate colliding with the South American Plate along the subduction zone.
Damaging effects of ash include:
• Water supply: contaminates large supplies of water
• Food sources: can cause respiratory problems in livestock, resulting in mass death of livestock
• Wastewater treatment: ash can clog sewage lines
• Transportation: affects the functionality of aeroplane engines
The ash cloud from the Puyehue eruption caused most of the damage to surrounding areas. Ash and floating pumice stones contaminated nearby lakes and rivers, and threatened to damage dams and cause major flooding. The ash cloud settled over many Argentinean cities, including Villa la Angostura, Bariloche and the northern part of Chubut province. The ash cloud also circled high in the atmosphere, disrupting air traffic as far away as Australia and New Zealand.
Ashley Saultry