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A 12 year old boy who had a sore throat for 10 days developed an abrupt onset of a high grade fever of 39 degrees Celsius.
Gram positive cocci, pair and chains
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is indicated for pathogens contributing to an infectious process that warrants antimicrobial therapy if susceptibility to antimicrobials cannot be predicted reliably based on knowledge of their identity. These tests are most frequently performed when the etiological agents of a species are capable of demonstrating resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Some organisms have predictable susceptibility to antimicrobial agents such as Streptococcus pyogenes to penicillin. Verifiable therapy for these organisms are typically used. Therefore, AST for such pathogens is not required or performed.
Streptococcus
Pyogenes !!!!
Case Closed
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4. What AST antimicrobial classes is S. pyrogens susceptible to and what is their mode of action?
3. How is the pathogen that cause Scarlet Fever transmitted?
Scarlet fever bacteria are transferred from person to person through contact with the droplets of an infected person’s cough and sneeze. If you touch your eyes, nose or mouth after coming into contact with these fluids, you may be at risk for contracting scarlet fever.
2. What is the key type of symptom that differentiate Scarlet fever from Kawasaki syndrome?
Kawasaki syndrome and Scarlet fever both have symptoms of the strawberry tongue and rash but it is the sandpaper texture and feel of the rash that is the identification feature of Scarlet fever.
Blood Culture
Medium gray translucent
beta hemolytic colonies
1. What other bacteria can cause strep throat and rash similar of that to Scarlet fever?
Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenza, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, and Clostridium ssp.
Acetaminophen was use to relieve the symptoms but the fever did not subside. He also presented symptoms of abdominal pain, vomiting and headache and a manifestation of a red rash spreading on his chest.
5. Why is there no routine testing for AST for Streptococcus pyogenes?
S. pyogenes infections are susceptible β-lactams class such as penicillin, as well as erythromycin, clindamycin, lincomycin rifampin and glycopeptides class vancomycin which mode of action is bactericidal by inhibiting cell wall synthesis.