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Cyril is correct!
-The two subjects of the Gospels can be interpretated as God and Christ as Man
-Council says that Jesus is one person
-The views of Cyril lead to the coining of the term Hypostatic Union
-hypostatic union: the combination of divine and human natures in the single person of Christ
-Jesus is one person with two natures; one divine and one human
-There are bible verses that support the arguement against nestorianism: "Behold, the virgin shall be with child and bear a son and they shall call his name Emmanuel." (Matthew 1:23)
Heresy:Apollinaris vs. Gregory
How Human is Jesus?
-Apollinaris of Laodecia
-a bishop of Syria
-Opposed Arius's beliefs, but said that a divine soul came down and took place of Jesus' human soul
-Taught that Jesus had a divine soul in a human body
-Gregory of Nazianzus (c. 330-390)
-Bishop of Constantinople
-rejected the beliefs of Apollinaris, saying that "if Jesus didn't have a human soul, then our human souls are not saved." (Christology powerpoint)
Gregory is correct!
-All of our bodies and souls have been saved by Jesus.
-Therefore, He must have a human soul.
-Confirmed Jesus' full humanity
-Council of Constantinople completes and finalizes Nicene Creed
-"It was at this first Council of Constantinople that the teaching Arius was officially declared a heresy." (Ch.6 Hear the Story)
Heresy: Nestorius vs. Cyril
-Proponent: Nestorius of Constantinople
-People at this time period began rejecting the title "Theotokos" and instead used "Christokos"
Theotokos: Mother of God
Christokos Christ-Bearer
-Nestorius said that Mary, Mother of God, should be called "Christ bearer" because she gives birth to Christ, not to God
-Cyril of Alexandria; opponent
-says that "Theotokos" is an appropriate title
-Jesus' divinity and humanity are united so closely in Him that you can say Mary gave birth to Christ or God
Athanasius is correct!
- If God created His son rather than be consubstantial with him, he had no contact with humanity
-The council reaffirmed the full divinity of Jesus
-Somehow, Arius left the Council with more followers that Athanasius, even though he was incorrect
-At this council, the bishops began creating and constructing the Nicene Creed
-"He reflects the glory of God and bears the very stamp of his nature. upholding the universe by his word of power." (Hebrews 1:3)
Heresy: Arianism vs. Athanasius
-Arius (c. 318) was a priest in Alexandria, Egypt
-He was worried that Christianity would become a polytheistic religion
-Wanted to protect the oneness of God
-Taught followers that the the Son of God was created by God instead of consubstantial
-Athanasius: Opponent of Arius and bishop of Alexandria
-Explained to followers the true divinity of God
-His Christology fully supported the consubstantial relationship between God the Father and God the Son
"This Ecumenical Council of the Church taught that Jesus is truly God; He is consubstantial with the Father." (Ch. 5, Hear the Story)
Heresy: A heresy is a conscious and deliberate rejection of an official teaching of the Church. Three famous heresies include Arianism, Apollinaris, and Nestorianism
Ecumenical Council: Greek, meaning "of the inhabited world."(notes) An ecumenical council is a gathering of all of the Catholic bishops called by the Pope. The council is lead under his authority and guidence. Throughout history, there have been 21 Ecumenical councils total.
Madi Cawthon
Mrs.Mcdonald
Theology, Period G
11 April 2015