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384-322 BCE
student of Plato
Athens, Greece
Lyceum 355 BCE
pioneer in sciences
laid down groundwork
de Anima
math/science soul as a separate existence
view on women
personal interference
intellectual gods
view on children
true happiness
supreme being
opposed Plato's philosophy
common property
Plato's cave
properties and qualities vs. things and
substances
math vs. English
the Doctrine of Four Causes
states should be in charge of children
education
path to a fulfilled life
supreme happiness = intellectual activity
pursuit of power to benefit everyone
expand to arts
intellectual gods
love and compassion
everything has a definite purpose/function
goals
living things and objects have purpose
natural objects have no purpose
women < men
different mental capacity
workers are incapable of higher thought
some are born to be slaves
old and young prejudices
the mental capacity of slaves is less than that of their masters
Greeks > barbarians
ethnocentric
promotes virtue
moderation, courage, and justice are practical wisdom
added open-handedness, mildness, wit, and temperance
mean between two extremes
badness, lack of self-control, and brutishness
no self-control is worse than badness
positive point of view
this-worldly solutions
Gods are unnecessary for "salvation"
EUDAIMONIA:
a. activity (not passive)
b. rational (use human thought)
c. virtue (be ethical)
d. long-lasting (throughout life)
intellect vs. character
good decision = true reason and correct desire
Biological hierarchy
psyche vs. soul vs. form
characteristics of things
soul cannot exist separately from the body
soul is THE WAY a body functions
contemplation can exist separately
the soul is a set of capacities of the living body
reason vs. obeying reason (ego vs. id+superego)
reach full development as members of an organized society