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Aristotle's Theory of the Universe

Life and Work

384-322 BCE

student of Plato

Athens, Greece

Lyceum 355 BCE

pioneer in sciences

laid down groundwork

de Anima

Video

Aubrey Hilliker

Lauren Rouse

Criticism

math/science soul as a separate existence

view on women

personal interference

intellectual gods

view on children

true happiness

Metaphysical Background

supreme being

opposed Plato's philosophy

common property

Plato's cave

properties and qualities vs. things and

substances

math vs. English

the Doctrine of Four Causes

Prescription

states should be in charge of children

education

path to a fulfilled life

supreme happiness = intellectual activity

pursuit of power to benefit everyone

expand to arts

intellectual gods

love and compassion

Theory of the Universe

everything has a definite purpose/function

goals

living things and objects have purpose

natural objects have no purpose

Human Nature cont.

Diagnosis cont.

Diagnosis

Theory of Human Nature

women < men

different mental capacity

workers are incapable of higher thought

some are born to be slaves

old and young prejudices

the mental capacity of slaves is less than that of their masters

Greeks > barbarians

ethnocentric

promotes virtue

moderation, courage, and justice are practical wisdom

added open-handedness, mildness, wit, and temperance

mean between two extremes

badness, lack of self-control, and brutishness

no self-control is worse than badness

positive point of view

this-worldly solutions

Gods are unnecessary for "salvation"

EUDAIMONIA:

a. activity (not passive)

b. rational (use human thought)

c. virtue (be ethical)

d. long-lasting (throughout life)

intellect vs. character

good decision = true reason and correct desire

Biological hierarchy

psyche vs. soul vs. form

characteristics of things

soul cannot exist separately from the body

soul is THE WAY a body functions

contemplation can exist separately

the soul is a set of capacities of the living body

reason vs. obeying reason (ego vs. id+superego)

reach full development as members of an organized society

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