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Operating System

An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources.

Operating System Functions

Starting and Shutting Down a Computer

Booting

Cold Boot

Warm Boot

Sleep Mode

Hibernate

System Software

Chapter 7

Providing a User Interface

A user interface controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen.

Graphical User Interface

(GUI), you interact with menus and visual images such as buttons and other graphical objects to issue commands.

Command-Line Interface

In a command-line interface, a user types commands or presses special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instructions.

consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices.

Two types of system software are:

Operating System

Utility Programs

Types of Utility Programs and Operating Systems

Windows ReadyBoost

Windows users can increase the size of memory through Windows ReadyBoost, which can allocate available storage space on removable flash memory devices as additional memory cache.

Virtual Memory

Virtual memory is a concept in which the operating system allocates a portion of a storage medium, usually the hard disk, to function as additional RAM.

Multiprocessing operating system supports two or more processors running programs at the same time.

The purpose of memory management is to optimize the use of random access memory (RAM)

Multiuser operating system enables two users to run programs simultaneously.

Managing Memory

Image Viewer

Search Utility

A single user/single tasking operating system allows only one user to run one program at a time

A single user/multitasking operating system allows a single user to work on two or more programs that reside in memory at the same time.

File Manager

Media Player

Backup Utilities

A backup utility allows users to copy, or back up, selected files or an entire hard disk to another storage medium such as another hard disk, optical disc, USB flash drive, or tape.

Multiple print jobs line up in a queue.

Spooling, sends documents to be printed to a buffer instead of sending them immediately to the printer.

A buffer is a segment of memory or storage in which items are placed while waiting to be transferred from an input device to an output device.

Managing Programs

Antivirus Program

The operating system determines the order in which tasks are processed. A task, or job, is an operation the processor manages.

Coordinating Task

Spyware and Adware Removers

Internet Filters

Anti-Spam Programs

Web Filters

Phishing Filters

Popup Blockers

Disk Cleanup

Personal Maintenance Software

A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes unnecessary files. Unnecessary files may include downloaded program files, temporary Internet files, deleted files, and unused program files. Operating systems, such as Windows, include a disk scanner utility.

A personal computer maintenance utility identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a computer’s performance.

File Compression

A file compression utility shrinks the size of a file(s). A compressed file takes up less storage space than the original file. Compressing files frees up room on the storage media and improves system performance.

Personal Firewall

A personal firewall is a utility that detects and protects a personal computer from unauthorized intrusions.

Disc Burning Software

Disc burning software writes text, graphics, audio, and video files on a recordable or rewritable CD, DVD, or Blu-ray Disc. This software enables the home user easily to back up contents of their hard disk on an optical disc and make duplicates of uncopy righted music or movies.

Disk Defragmenter

Spyware and Adware Removers

Spyware remover programs that detects and deletes spyware.

Adware remover is a program that detects and deletes adware.

A disk defragmenter is a utility that reorganizes the files and unused space on a computer’s hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster.

Configuring Devices

A driver is a small program that tells the operating system hoe to communicate with a specific device.

Internet Filters

Plug and Play means the operating system automatically configures new devices as you install them.

Filters are programs that remove or block certain items from being displayed. Four widely used Internet filters are anti-spam programs, Web filters, phishing filters and pop-up filters.

Screen Saver

A backup utility allows users to copy, or back up, selected files or an entire hard disk to another storage medium such as another hard disk, optical disc, USB flash drive, or tape.

Uninstaller

An uninstaller is a utility that removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files.

Establishing an Internet Connection

Operating Systems typically provide a means t establish Internet connections. For example, Windows includes a Set Up a Connection or Network wizard that guides users through the process of setting up a connection between a computer and an internet access provider.

Since it was released with Macintosh computers in 1984, Apple’s Macintosh operating system has set the standard for operating system ease of use and has been the model for most of the new GUIs developed for non-Macintosh systems

UNIX (pronounced YOU-nix) is a multitasking operating system. Several versions of this operating system exist, each slightly different. Although some versions of UNIX have a com mandline interface, most versions of UNIX offer a graphical user interface

UNIX (YOU-nix)

Operating System Functions

The Graphical User Interface (GUI) of Windows 7

Mac OS X

Microsoft Windows

In the mid-1980s, Microsoft developed its first version of Windows, which provided a graphical user interface (GUI). Since then, Microsoft continually has updated its Windows operating system, incorporating innovative features and functions with each new version.

Different Versions of Windows 7

Windows 7 Starter

Windows 7 Home Premium

Windows 7 Professional

Windows 7 Ultimate

Windows 7

Windows 7 is Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient operating system to date, offering quicker program start up, built-in diagnostics, automatic recovery, improved security, enhanced searching and organizing capabilities, and an easy-to-use interface

Linux is one of the faster growing operating systems. Linux (pronounced LINN-uks), introduced in 1991, is a popular, multitasking UNIX-type operating system. In addition to the basic operating system, Linux also includes many free programming languages and utility programs.

Linux

Monitoring Performance

Administering Security

A performance monitor is a program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices.

Computer and network administrators typically have an administrator account that enables them to access all files and programs on the computer or network, install programs, and specify setting that affect all users on a computer or network.

Updating Software Automatically

Many popular programs, including most operating systems, include an automatic update feature that automatically provides updates to the program.

A stand-alone operating system is a

complete operating system that works on a desktop computer, notebook computer, or mobile computing device. Some stand-alone operating systems are called client operating systems because they also work in conjunction with a server operating system.

Controlling Network

Providing File Management and Other Utilities

A server operating system is an operating system that organizes and coordinates how multiple users can access and share resources on a network.

Stand-alone Operating System

Operating often provides users with the capability of managing, searching, viewing, securing, uninstalling, cleaning, defragmenting, diagnosing, backing up and setting up.

Utility Programs

Types of Operating System

A utility program, also called a utility, is a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks, usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs.

Embedded Operating Systems

The operating system on most mobile devices and many consumer electronics, called an

embedded operating system, resides on a ROM chip. Popular embedded operating systems include: Windows Embedded CE, Windows Phone 7, Palm OS, iPhone OS, BlackBerry, Google Android, embedded Linux, and Symbian OS.

Server Operating System

A server operating system typically resides on a server. The client computers on the network rely on the server(s) for resources.

Some Example of Server Operating Systems

Windows Server 2008

Unix and Linux

Solaris, a version of UNIX developed by Sun Microsystems, is a server operating system designed specifically for e-commerce applications.

Novell’s NetWare is a server operating system designed for client/server networks.

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