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Timeline of Major Events During the Early Modern Period

1587- First British Colony Settled in North America

1299 - Founding of the Ottoman Empire

1497- Vasco da Gama's Voyage to India

1492- First Europeans Arrive in the New World

1643- Reign of King Louis XIV Begins

Though this was the first British colony

settled in North America, it was not the first

permanent British colony, that being

Jamestown. England's colonization of North

America is important because it would help

lead to it becoming one of the leaders in industrialization in Europe. England's colonization would also lead to an increase in the Atlantic slave trade.

This voyage gave Portugal an advantage over

other European powers because it gave it

access to valuable Indian and other Asian

goods. Previously, Italy had held a monopoly on the land and sea trade networks with India and

Asian, but this new passageway decreased

Italy's monopoly. Vasco da Gama's voyage as

well as the developing Atlantic Trade both decreased Italy's power and profit.

The Ottoman Empire was founded

by a warrior of Turkish descent named

Osman. The Ottoman Empire would go on

to last for 600 more years, becoming the

longest-lasting empire in all of history and

one of the largest, stretching from Eastern Europe, North Africa, and modern-day Turkey. At its peak, the Ottoman Empire had the greatest military force and was the center for knowledge and education.

King Louis XIV was a French king responsible for the construction of the Palace of Versailles. He was also the best example of an Absolute Monarch in Europe at the time, making all executive decisions with a strong emphasis on militaristic expansion. He was one of the last great kings of France, as the rulers following him declined in accomplishment and competence, resulting in the ultimate overthrowal of the monarchy during the French Revolution.

Christopher Columbus, shown in the image to the right, was the first to arrive in the New World, landing on the island of San Salvador. The discovery of the New World catapulted Europe to the forefront of world politics by

providing it with the labor and and raw materials necessary to begin industrializing on a large scale. However, the arrival of Europeans in the New World

also lead to the destruction of Latin American civilizations, such as the Inca and Aztecs, and deaths of millions of natives due to superior weaponry and diseases.

1519- Magellan Begins His Voyage to Circumnavigate the World

Once again, Magellan proved with his

voyage that there was more than one

way to get to India and Eastern Asia

other than by land. This discovery,

along with that of Vasco da Gama,

helped to reduce the power of the Venetians, who had previously held a monopoly on Asian and Indian trade.

1400's - Beginning of Atlantic Slave Trade

Although slave trade was already

present within Africa, the Atlantic Slave

Trade was the first time African slaves

were exported from Africa in large

quantities by outsiders. The Atlantic Slave

Trade would be crucial to the development of American colonies and to later industrialization of Europe because of the labor they provided.

1500 AD

1833- Great Britain Abolishes Slavery in the West Indies

Great Britain was one of the first major European powers to ban Atlantic slave trade, having been influenced by growing abolitionist

and enlightenment sentiment which frowned upon the use of forced labor systems. Great Britain's decision to ban slave trade put pressure on other states, such as Spain and the Americas, to do the same.

1300 AD

1400 AD

1700 AD

1800 AD

1600 AD

1494- Treaty of Tordesillas

1614- Christianity is banned in Japan

1368 - Ming Dynasty Begins in China

Japan banned Christianity in order to prevent

European influence of Japanese politics and culture. The banning of Christianity also led to

Japan's greater isolationist policy which did not

allow any trade with European countries apart from the Dutch in a few select ports.

The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the New World between Portugal and Spain. However, it gave Spain substantially more land in the Americas than it did Portugal, giving it an advantage and leading to its

rise to power in Europe. The Treaty also meant that Portugal had to concentrate its energy in the East, leading to its domination of the African coast and early trading with India.

The Ming Dynasty began in China following the defeat of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty increased the bureaucracy and civil service testing. For a small period of time, the Ming Dynasty employed Zheng He to extend China's influence, but then pulled back and began to maintain a more isolated foreign policy, not interested in Europe.

1480 -Russia Gains Independence from the Mongols

1672- Peter the Great is Born

1517- Martin Luthor Nails Up His 95 Theses

Under Ivan the Great, Russia united and gained independence from the Mongols, coming together under one central ruler. Ivan the Great took the name Czar, which is derived from Caesar.

During this year, Martin Luther nailed up 95 theses, or religious documents, detailing his grievances against the Catholic Church. These grievances included the growing corruption of the Catholic Church, not allowing priests to marry, and going against the teachings of the bible to make a profit. Martin Luther's 95 theses lead to protestant reformation and the formation of the Lutheran Church, weakening the power of the Catholic Church in the process.

Peter the Great was a Russian Czar who

lead a series of heavy reform in order to

westernize Russia. Some of his reforms included mandatory education for the upper class, the introduction of European fashion, and making the new capitol St. Petersburg. Though his reforms helped to bring Russia into European politics, his policies did not affect the lower class.

1536- The Anglican Church is Founded

The Anglican Church, or Church of England, was founded by English king Henry VIII so that he could divorce his wife. This church was another church formed during the protestant reformation. The splintering of the Catholic Church during this period reduced its power in Europe and encouraged early forms of nationalism.

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