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Though this was the first British colony
settled in North America, it was not the first
permanent British colony, that being
Jamestown. England's colonization of North
America is important because it would help
lead to it becoming one of the leaders in industrialization in Europe. England's colonization would also lead to an increase in the Atlantic slave trade.
This voyage gave Portugal an advantage over
other European powers because it gave it
access to valuable Indian and other Asian
goods. Previously, Italy had held a monopoly on the land and sea trade networks with India and
Asian, but this new passageway decreased
Italy's monopoly. Vasco da Gama's voyage as
well as the developing Atlantic Trade both decreased Italy's power and profit.
The Ottoman Empire was founded
by a warrior of Turkish descent named
Osman. The Ottoman Empire would go on
to last for 600 more years, becoming the
longest-lasting empire in all of history and
one of the largest, stretching from Eastern Europe, North Africa, and modern-day Turkey. At its peak, the Ottoman Empire had the greatest military force and was the center for knowledge and education.
King Louis XIV was a French king responsible for the construction of the Palace of Versailles. He was also the best example of an Absolute Monarch in Europe at the time, making all executive decisions with a strong emphasis on militaristic expansion. He was one of the last great kings of France, as the rulers following him declined in accomplishment and competence, resulting in the ultimate overthrowal of the monarchy during the French Revolution.
Christopher Columbus, shown in the image to the right, was the first to arrive in the New World, landing on the island of San Salvador. The discovery of the New World catapulted Europe to the forefront of world politics by
providing it with the labor and and raw materials necessary to begin industrializing on a large scale. However, the arrival of Europeans in the New World
also lead to the destruction of Latin American civilizations, such as the Inca and Aztecs, and deaths of millions of natives due to superior weaponry and diseases.
Once again, Magellan proved with his
voyage that there was more than one
way to get to India and Eastern Asia
other than by land. This discovery,
along with that of Vasco da Gama,
helped to reduce the power of the Venetians, who had previously held a monopoly on Asian and Indian trade.
Although slave trade was already
present within Africa, the Atlantic Slave
Trade was the first time African slaves
were exported from Africa in large
quantities by outsiders. The Atlantic Slave
Trade would be crucial to the development of American colonies and to later industrialization of Europe because of the labor they provided.
1500 AD
Great Britain was one of the first major European powers to ban Atlantic slave trade, having been influenced by growing abolitionist
and enlightenment sentiment which frowned upon the use of forced labor systems. Great Britain's decision to ban slave trade put pressure on other states, such as Spain and the Americas, to do the same.
1300 AD
1400 AD
1700 AD
1800 AD
1600 AD
Japan banned Christianity in order to prevent
European influence of Japanese politics and culture. The banning of Christianity also led to
Japan's greater isolationist policy which did not
allow any trade with European countries apart from the Dutch in a few select ports.
The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the New World between Portugal and Spain. However, it gave Spain substantially more land in the Americas than it did Portugal, giving it an advantage and leading to its
rise to power in Europe. The Treaty also meant that Portugal had to concentrate its energy in the East, leading to its domination of the African coast and early trading with India.
The Ming Dynasty began in China following the defeat of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty increased the bureaucracy and civil service testing. For a small period of time, the Ming Dynasty employed Zheng He to extend China's influence, but then pulled back and began to maintain a more isolated foreign policy, not interested in Europe.
Under Ivan the Great, Russia united and gained independence from the Mongols, coming together under one central ruler. Ivan the Great took the name Czar, which is derived from Caesar.
During this year, Martin Luther nailed up 95 theses, or religious documents, detailing his grievances against the Catholic Church. These grievances included the growing corruption of the Catholic Church, not allowing priests to marry, and going against the teachings of the bible to make a profit. Martin Luther's 95 theses lead to protestant reformation and the formation of the Lutheran Church, weakening the power of the Catholic Church in the process.
Peter the Great was a Russian Czar who
lead a series of heavy reform in order to
westernize Russia. Some of his reforms included mandatory education for the upper class, the introduction of European fashion, and making the new capitol St. Petersburg. Though his reforms helped to bring Russia into European politics, his policies did not affect the lower class.
The Anglican Church, or Church of England, was founded by English king Henry VIII so that he could divorce his wife. This church was another church formed during the protestant reformation. The splintering of the Catholic Church during this period reduced its power in Europe and encouraged early forms of nationalism.