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Transcript

Abu Nasr Al Farabi

Presented by:

Mariyam Hasan (ID 42045)

Rawda Al-Suwaidi (ID40445 )

Mariam Al Mansoori (ID41468)

Arabic Heritage

Meis Al Kaisi

Outline

1) Introduction to his life

AlFarabi's influence from Aristotle and plato in:

  • Metaphysics
  • Epistemology
  • Political Science
  • Ethics/Logic
  • Psychology

3) Conclution and summary

The Life of AlFarabi

  • Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Tarkhan ibn Awzalagh al-Farabi

  • Born in 870 AD in Wasij, Turkistan

  • Studied in Baghdad under the guidance of the famous Greek translator, Abu Bashr b. Yunus

  • His fame spread in Halab (Allepo) where he was companion of the King

  • Had done several occupations in his life such as taking the role of a qadi (judge) in court, teacher and a caretaker of a garden

  • Died at the age of 80 years in Damascus in 950 AD

His works and teachings

  • Contributed considerably to science, philosophy, logic, psychology, political science, medicine, mathematics and music
  • Called the “Second Teacher” in the Arab society because added commentaries on the works of Plato and Aristotle to his own contributions
  • First philosopher to separate theology and philosophy
  • Wrote his famous book- Ahl al-Madina al-Fadila (The Virtuous City) and the Kitab al Musiqa (Book of Music)

Metaphysics

  • The branch of philosophy explaining the fundamental nature of the human being and the world

  • Used the works of Plato’s Republic and Aristotelian terminology

  • Hierarchy of being - God is the first being (top of the hierarchy) which resembles Aristotlean thought that everything emanates from God (the perfect being)

Epistemology

  • Branch of philosophy that is concerned with the study of knowledge

  • Talked about six categories of aql (human intellect) which are discernment, common sense, natural perception, conscience, four subsequent intellects and divine reason

  • Throughout his work stresses the importance of knowledge, which was directed from Aristotelian thought

Political science

  • Uses the book Al-Madina Al-Fadila (The Virtuous City) to explain the concept of a virtuous society which resembles Plato's Republic

  • According to both philosophers, a ruler of a society needs to have a good physique and unique qualities

  • AlFarabi mentions four corrupt cities: the ignorant city, the dissolute city, the turncoat city and the straying city

  • Similar to the imperfect divisions of society of Plato were timarchy, oligarchy, democracy and tyranny

  • The goal of the citizens for the society was to attain ultimate happiness through their duties in society

Ethics/Logic

  • The first logical writer on philosophical questions in Islam was al-Farabi

  • Ethics is a branch of philosophy that states questions about morality such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, and justice

  • Al-Farabi, just like Aristotle, argues that justice in the city or the state means that the common goods in society should be fairly distributed amongst the people

  • In his discussion in ethics, he starts in a Neoplatonic fashion stating that evil has no existence in anything found in this world.

  • However, al-Farabi disagrees with traditional Neoplatonists in the idea that being good means that you are pure and simple

Psychology

  • The scientific study of the human mind and its functions,

  • On his treatment of the human soul, al-Farabi draws on a basic Aristotelian outline

  • Al-Farabi's psychological view of humanity was that of an isolated individual who cannot achieve perfection alone and requires the aid of many other individuals

  • His psychological perspective is reflected in terms of politics and philosophical thought

  • The human soul and mind are a combination of the metaphysical components and the science of epistemology that drives a person to its actions.

Conclusion/summary

  • Farabian concepts of existence provided a basic structure for metaphysics of Ibn Sina and Aquinas

  • He influenced many other major thinkers such as Yahya ibn 'Adi, Abu Sulayman al-Sijistani etc.

  • Through his understanding of Plato and Aristotle he improvised many of their works into his own interpertation.

  • He dedicated majority of his time to teach others about the values of philosphy, logic, ethics, metophysics etc.

THE END

FEEL FREE TO ASK ANY QUESTION!

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