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My Argument

Defining Imperialism

The Story Thus Far

" The Imposition of non-territorial hegemony (or as in the case of colonialism territorial hegemony). Further in my classes it refers to the imperialism that arose upon the heels of the launch European Voyage of Exploitation (the conventional usage of the word "exploration" is a clear Eurocentric misnomer) and therefore must be distinguished from all other forms of imperialism that preceded it-such as those of the Ancient world . The distinction is an important one in the "modern imperialism" was a symptom of the development of the capitalist mode of production in a particular cultural milieu (specifically that of Europe) that saw religious proselytization as a duty incumbent upon all-including the state against the backdrop of the rise of the modern nation state. In other words, imperialism was an outcome of the dialectic in the structural/ ideationary binary" Y.G Lulat

In 1804 there was the clamor to end the trade but illegal trading continued

Slavery

Official came to a halt in 1870 in Atlantic Africa

- The shift from Slavery to Legitimate trading was triggered by economic, cultural, intellectual and political factors.

TODAY'S TASK

- Defining Imperialism

- Examining multiple sources for the definitions of imperialism

- Strategies with which imperialism is played out on the African continent

- What is colonialism and how was it implemented in the African context?

Illegitimate Trade

Racial and Humanitarian Echoes

Connections between Liberalism and Imperialism

Edmund Fawcett, Liberalism: The Life of An Idea

Liberalism after all resists power and resents domination whereas imperialism involves domination of one people by another pg 198

Trade in raw materials

Colonization was not all rapine, domination and unequal exchange.It was not only despotism with theft as final object, in the words of George Orwell. The liberal empire also brought progress and modernity in the form of schools, medicine, science, trade and rising prosperity. Liberal empire brought the rule of modern law and property rights. It brought the humanizing aims of Christian missionaries with their gospel of personal respect. pg 198

Quick Notes on Fawcett

- Journalist

- Worked with The Economist

Colonized societies were not inert, uniform dough. Their pre-colonial masters were commonly crueler, more exploitative and more domineering than the imperialists. Slave traders it will be remembered were Africans.pg 199

Legitimate Trade

Explorers

EUROPE

- Abolition on Humanitarian grounds

- Enlightenment humanism and evangelical outrage

- Proponents are Jacques Pierre Brissot, Granville Sharp, William Wilberforce and Olaudah Equiano

- African Association founded in 1780 planned to wean Africa off slavery by modernizing Africa.

- 1815- Congress of Vienna launched agreement to end slavery

- These humanitarian efforts did not dispel racist ideologies e.g Wolseley's Ring, Rosseau's idea of the "Noble Savage", Monogenist/ Polygenist,

Global Political Order- French Revolution (1789-1799), Haitian Revolution (1791-1804), Enlightenment (17th-18th century), American Revolution (1775-1783)- Ideas of Freedom, Equality and Liberty

Missionaries

Conquest

Colonialism

Scientific Echoes

Africanists on Imperialism and Colonialism

Walter Rodney, The Imperialist Partition of Africa, 1970

Let's Listen to Some Musicians

Fela Kuti

Nneka

Repercussions on Africa

- Legitimate trading- Trading in Cash crops and the creation of a market for finished goods.

- The use of slave labor right on African soil

- Objectification of Africa and a uniform vision of Africa as backward.

- Introduction of Christianity and missionary activities which led to education, cultural alienation, cultural resistance and also new forms of syncretisms.

- Conquest and eventual partition of Africa

Formulae For Colonialism

We do need to be informed as to how changes in the politico-military balance of power and European national aspiration for domination stimulated the striving for colonies in Africa. Such factors were not outside Lenin field of awareness and exploiting them at length does not in slightest invalidate his thesis. For example, such facts as that the French are hung on prestige or that changes in power have to be related to the political economy of Europe. .. The more pertinent question is how far and in what ways did monopoly capital impinge on Africa during the period of notorious scramble. (Response to Lenin)

Aime Cesaire, Discourse on Colonialism

What am I driving at. At this idea; that no one colonizes innocently , that no one colonizes with impunity either; that a nation which colonies, that a civilization which justifies colonization and therefore force is already a sick civilization, a civilization which is morally diseased, which irresistibly, progressing from one denial to another, calls for its Hitler, I mean its punishment.

- Enlightenment and the scientific inquiries about Africa.

- Knowledge on the interiors of Africa and exploration of Africa became a fascinations

- Explorers, Missionaries, Anthropologists, Geographers

- Knowledge of geography of Africa is also instrumental to economic activities

- Industralization and the development of the Steam Engine and Railroad

Economic Echoes

Contents

The Four C's of Colonialism

- C- Christianity/ Cross

- C- Commerce/ Trade

- C- Compass/ Exploration

- C- Conquest/ Hegemony

  • Our Story thus far
  • Understanding Colonialism: Laying the Historical Foundation
  • Defining Colonialism: Multi-source Approach (Intellectual/"Anti-intellectual" approaches)
  • Eventual Colonialization: The Narrative of Conquest and Domination

- Lowering prices of sugar due to overproduction.

- Rising prices of slaves as a result of stiff competition, slave revolts, Napoleonic wars and the slave trading routes

- Humanitarian, abolitionist and enlightenment concerns

- Industrial Revolution in Europe and the demands for raw materials

- Need for a consumer society as well

White Man's Burden

  • Quick Notes
  • Written in 1899 by British Novelist and Poet
  • Encourages American colonization of Philippines
  • Themed around Imperialism

Stanza One

Take up the White Man's burden--

Send forth the best ye breed--

Go bind your sons to exile

To serve your captives' need;

To wait in heavy harness,

On fluttered folk and wild--

Your new-caught, sullen peoples,

Half-devil and half-child.

THE BIG QUESTION

- Are these processes mutually exclusive or are they integrated?

- Is colonialism a continuity or discontinuity from slavery?

  • Questions
  • Can you identify the structural and ideationary binaries referred to in the last definition of imperialism?
  • What other undertones can you identify from this poem?
  • Does Kipling's poem capture the African experience and why?

Colonialism as Imperialism?

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