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The
Spiracle
External Gills
emergency respiration
Where respiration occurs
Gill Filaments
(lamellae)
Environmental pressure
Holobranch
Evolution
-Respiratory as well as the circulatory work together in order for the heart to pump un-oxygenated blood returning from the body to gills for oxygenation.
Future evolution
Gills
Main form of respiration
Physiology
Dogfish
Shark
-Lungshave numerous avleoli
-Blood is supplied to the alveoli
Breathing is possible through the actions of muscles between ribs and diaphragm
As the diaphragm moves towards the abdomen, it creates a vacuum, allowing the lungs to inflate and suck in fresh oxygen.
Lungs
Physiology
Environmental pressure
The aspiration pump created a negative pressure to draw air in using the ribs and diaphragm
Development of the diaphragm and aspiration pump
The development of the diaphragm created pressure changes to favor entry or exit of air
Evolution
Evolution
Having lungs only made it possible to live independently from an aqueous environment
Environmental pressure
Edward Bochynski
Kristene Hirsch
Nora Remy
Development of the lungs
Lungs
Where respiration takes place
Trachea
&
Bronchi
Although they are not the primary source of respiration, the lungs allowed the animal to be away from water
Physiology
Allows air to get to the lungs
Diaphragm
-75 percent of the oxygen and 90 percent of carbon dioxide is exchanged.
-External gills are developed
Physiology
Changes the air pressure of the lungs to create an inhale or exhale
-The glottis
-the larynx
-They run along the dorsal sides of the pleuroperitoneal cavity
Moist Membrane
Lungs
-Mouth Cavity
-Lungs
-the skin
-all surfaces are used for the exchange of gas
-The skin is composed of thin membranous tissue that is permeable to water and contains a large network of blood vessels.
-mucus glands in the skin keep the frog moist, which helps absorb dissolved oxygen from the air.
Evolution
Buccal pumping
bibliography
A frog may also breathe much like a human, by taking air in through their nostrils and down into their lungs.
Environmental pressure
Lungs
Lunglessness
The pressence of lungs allow adult frogs to live away from water