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Friedrich Froebel
"Father of Kindergarten"
The name Kindergarten means both a garden for children & a location where they can observe & interact with nature. It also means a garden of children where they themselves can grow & develop in freedom from arbitrary imperatives
There are 3 essential parts to Kindergarten
"Children are like tiny flowers: They are varied and need care, but each is beautiful alone and glorious when seen in the community of peers."
- Friedrich Froebel
1. Creative Play
2. Singing & dancing for healthy activity
3. Observing & nurting plants in a garden for stimulating awareness of the
natural world
Important contributions to early childhood
education were called his "gifts". Objects ranging
from spheres, cubes, & cylinders to entire sets of
wooden geometric blocks in different sizes, colors & "occupations". Occupations were items such as paints & clay which children could use to make whatever they wanted. One gift was a wooden pin that children could use to create patterns by punching small holes in sheets of paper. Froebel's kindergartners used sticks and dried peas, how modern children use Tinker Toys. Froebel hoped to achieve the kindergarten experience as a whole by creating a sensitive, inquisitive child with an uninhibited curiosity and genuine respect for nature, family & society and not the instruction of isolated facts & skills.
About
Friedrich Froebel
Froebel created songs & games
for mothers to use with their infants
such as "This Little Piggy & Happy Birthday". He offered no formal instruction in morals and character, but thought that children naturally acquired such traits by caring for living things like plants & animals that have become a fixture in most kindergarten classrooms
Froebel saw mothers as the first teachers of humanity. He believed women were best suited to nurture children. Froebel's Kindergarten offered the first significant careers for women outside their home.
Froebel opened a "play and activity" institute
in 1837 in the village of Bad Blankenburg as an
experimental social experience for children entering school.
Froebel's method inspired & informed
the work of Maria Montessori, Rudolf Steiner,
& others, who adopted his ideas & adapted his materials according to their own work. Prior to Friedrich Froebel, very young children were not educated. Froebel was the first to recognize significant brain development occurs between birth & age 3. His method combines an awareness of human physiology & recognizes that we are creative beings. Once early childhood education became widely adopted, it was the natural starting point for new ideas to follow.
Grounded in play, activity, & the nurturing of creativity through the systematic deployment of a sequence of gifts. He used nature as the model of perfection to educate children. He renamed his institute Kindergarten on June 28, 1840, reflecting his belief that children should be nurtured and nourished "like plants in a garden".
My Reflection
Famous women who advanced Froebel’s cause
included: Helen Keller, Kate Douglas Wiggin,
Elizabeth Peabody, Phoebe Hearst,
Mrs. Leland Stanford,
Mrs. Grover Cleveland, &
Elizabeth Harrison.
His goal was to teach children how to learn, observe, reason, express & create through play, employing philosophies of unity & interconnectedness.
Froebels methods are not only affective,
but they are efficent. He vaules the importance
of educating young children, which I find to be very important. He also respected children as individuals with rights and responsibilities according to their ages & abilities.
He believed children would follow the divinely established laws of human growth through their own activity
His reputation as a Early Childhood educator increased & Kindergartens were established throughout German States
PROS
*Froebel was a big contribututer to Early Childhood Education
*Focused on the needs of nurturing children
* Wanted to make learning fun so he made gifts for them to physically learn with.
*Strongly believed in parent involvement
CONS
*Some children do not have the drive to learn,
the gifts might not work for them.
*I believe there is to much focus on fine motor
skills, & not enough focus on language,
writing and reading.
Kindergarten grew to become a familiar
institution throughout the world by
the end of the 19th century.