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Transcript

Early Life

  • 4.5 billion years ago earth was supposedly formed
  • 3.5 billion years ago microscopic cells formed deep in the ocean

Creations / Diversity

Controversy & survival

  • Oxygen produced my natural events said to influence the interaction between single cells
  • Multicellular organisms said to be created around 1.7 billion years ago
  • 550 million years ago movement characteristics shown
  • Through evidence and theories provided I believe the evolutionary history of the emu and other organisms are quite close to the creation of life on Earth
  • Selective pressures include:
  • Predators
  • Humans
  • Access to energy sources

Animalia

Emu Territory

  • Expresses such traits as:
  • Movement
  • Ability to ingest food
  • Ability to excrete waste
  • to take on fixed bodily shapes
  • An organism that supresses these traits is classified in this catagory

Bibliography

• Australian National University. 2013. The Mystery of the Ratites. [ONLINE] Available at: http://sciencewise.anu.edu.au/articles/Ratites. [Accessed 01 November 15].

• Wikipedia. 2015. Chordate. [ONLINE] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordate. [Accessed 01 November 15].

• Parks Victoria. 2015. Emu. [ONLINE] Available at: http://parkweb.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/322194/emu4.pdf. [Accessed 01 November 15].

• Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2015. Ratite. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.britannica.com/animal/ratite. [Accessed 01 November 15].

• University of California, Berkeley. 2015. Introduction to the Aves. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/birds/birdintro.html. [Accessed 01 November 15].

• Youtube. (2013). David Attenborough - First Life | S01E01 . [Online Video]. 09 February. Available from: [Accessed: 01 November 2015].

• Crash Course. (2013). Chordates. [Online Video]. N/A. Available from: https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/crash-course1/partner-topic-crash-course-bio-ecology/crash-course-biology/v/crash-course-biology-123. [Accessed: 01 November 2015].

The Emu Evolution

Casuariiformes & Dromaius

Chordata

  • The emu is closely classified to the cassowary although it is not directly related due to the size, feathers and bodily structures
  • As both birds live in similar climates convergent evolution is said to have taken place
  • This classification requires in any stage of the animals life that they have:
  • pharyngeal slits
  • dorsal nerve chord
  • notochord
  • post-anal tail
  • Sub-phylum Vertebrata requires:
  • a vertebrae
  • an endoskeleton
  • a closed circulatory system

Aves

Speciation & Adaptions

  • The emu has had to adapt over time to the harsh Australian climate and predators.
  • These birds have evolved independently of other ratites and have evolved with powerful legs to evade preadtors
  • The aves class (bird class) is classified by an animal that has:
  • a vertebrae
  • feathers
  • a beak
  • These organisms are said to be descendents of the dinosaurs that developed flight for survival

Ratite

  • A ratite is defined as “any bird whose sternum (breastbone) is smooth because it lacks a keel to which flight muscles could be anchored… therefore being unable to fly” (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2015)
  • Quite large and therefore the energy required to fly is to large if it needs to survive
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