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• Each orbital can hold two electrons with different orientations
• This is shown in drawings with two arrows, one pointing up and one pointing down
To help differentiate between the other rules, remember that Aufbau is German for "building up"
• Electrons are added 1 at a time
• Electrons are added starting at the lowest energy levels
Energy Levels Sublevels
n=1 s
n=2 s, p
n=3 s, p, d
Use the Aufbau principle, Hund's rule, and Pauli exclusion principle to fill electron orbitals
Let's say we have four electrons
Each arrow represents an electron
Each box represents an orbital
~Sabrina Marconie
•Within a sublevel, place one electron per orbital before pairing them
•All electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same orientation