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Works Cited

CORDS AND SCALES

-Chords are constructed from scales

-Pentatonic and hexatonic

-heptatonic

-Scales descend from top to bottom

-harmony = parallel fourths, parallel fifths, parallel octaves or parallel thirds

Zimbabwe

Tanzania

Ghana

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Ghana

http://www.ghanaiandiaspora.com/ghana/music/

Book

AFRICA IN GENERAL

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_sub-Saharan_African_harmony

AFRICA MUSIC IN GENERAL

PRINCIPALS

-homophonic parallelism

-homophonic polyphony

-counter melody

-Polyphony

-ostinato-variation

-heterophony

combinations

- ostinato

-parallel intervals

-polyphonic techniques

- polyphonic

Music of Ghana

Instruments

Wind Instruments

-Flutes

-horns

- voice

melodic composition on stringed instruments

- kologo lute

- gonjey fiddle

These are all accompanied by with polyrhythms clapped or played on the talk drum, gourd drums or brekete bass drums.

Music Structure

-Each instrument follows its own rhythmic pattern. this pattern is played continuously.

- composed of minor pentatonic or chromatic scales and melisma plays an important role in music

- melody = originated music

Types of MUSIC

There are four main types of music heard in Ghana today: Contemporary music, Traditional music, Gospel music and Imported music.

Gospel music

Contemporary music

Imported styles

Traditional music

Use of Drums

-Composed of "highlife" and "hiplife" music styles

-Takes a traditional percussive beat with various other culture

-aMERICAN HIP-HOP AND R&B

- SOME FRENCH MUSIC

-Based around Jesus Christ

-Melodies and Ghanian rhythms

-Heavy Percussion Beats

- RITUALIZED EVENTS

- DRUMS AND GONG-GONG ARE MORE commonly USED IN SOUTH

-STRING INSTRUMENTS AND CALABASH ARE MORE commonly USED IN SOUTH

-Drum are more powerful then words

- Talking drum performances - Honor someone of high significance.

TALKING DRUM PERFORMANCE

dance time!!!!!!!!!

music in Tanzania

Mbira

-Lemellophone

-Ilimba

Drums

-Tuned goblet drums

-Tuned Cylindrical drums

-Talking Drum

traditional music

Instrumentation

Hukwe Zawose

-prominent exponent

of Tanzanian

traditional music

-Polyphonic

-Wider variety of

instrumentation

Zaramo

-Mitamba Yalagala Kumchuzi

-Homophonic

-Extremely repetitive

-Instruments:

-Tuned goblet drums

-Tuned cylindrical drums

-And tin rattles.

Bongo Flava

-a blend of all sorts of melodies, beats, rhythms and sounds.

-Modern style

-FAVORS Swahili

MUSIC OF ZIMBABWE

Music in Sub -Saharan

Africa

Types of Music

INSTRUMENTS

Other Types of Music

-Afro-Jazz

-Chimurenga

-Tuku

-Jit

-Mbira

-Percussive Instruments

-shakers (hosho)

-leg rattles (magaga, magavhu and amahlayi)

-wooden clappers (makwa)

Secular

-Social Activities

-Homophonic

-Less Instrumentation

Dances

-Human Life Cycle

Sacred

-Linked to Cosmology

-Religion and Spiritual life

-Homophonic

-call and response

-accompanied by dances

Tradition

-has traditional acapella

-Some Traditional music Genres are accompanied by instruments epically the drums.

-Most music is accompanied by a dance

-lyrics mostly contain encouragement of upholding good social values in the family and society as whole.

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