Energy- Related Organelles

quiz

Energy- Related Organelles

The organelles responsible for the synthesis of carbohydrates in a plant cell are the:

a) mitochondria

b) smoothe er

c) inner membrane

d) chloroplasts

within the chloroplast, the pigments that capture solar energy are located in the stroma:

T or F

which of the following is not true for the mitochondria?

a) contain many enzymes

b) contain DNA

c) site of ATP synthesis

d) bound with a single membrane

e) often changes shape

Mitochondria

functions

* produces Atp by breaking down carbs

* uses oxygen in respiration and produces CO2

*

* Bounded by a double- membrane

* found in animal cells and all eukaryotic cells

* A cell can contain many or only one

* main parts inlcude inner, inter, outer membranes, cristea, and the matrix

* established as an organelle in 1894 by Richard Altmann, but discovered as early as the 1840s

* enzymes are used to produce things such as fatty acids and pyruvic acid, which is an energy source and is used to produce alinine

* are believed to have arisen before chlorophyl

* changes shape often

The outer membrane contains proteins called porins, which allow small molecules such as ions to pass through freely

the inter space is the space between the membranes that contains the same ratio of small molecules, but not larger protiens as the cytosol

The inner membrane surface area is usually larger than the outer membrane, in the case of a liver, it can be five times that of the outer membrane

the cytosol is the liquid inside of a cell

the Matrix is the inner part of the mitochondria. Aids the Atp synthase enzymes in the inner membrane to produce Atp.

* the matrix contains:

- enzymes

- ribosomes

- DNA

-

cristea are the folds that expand the surface area of the inner membrane, enabling an increased production of ATP, recent studies conclude that these folds are not random and help determine the chemiosmotic function (the permeability of the membrane)

Function and purpose of chloroplasts

* produce carbohydrates, which serves as organic nutrient molecules for all living things

* carry out almost all of the fatty acid synthesis

* involved in photosynthesis (Calvin Cycle)

- capture the sunlight and store it as ADP at the same time the chloroplasts release the oxygen from the water

- make organic molecules from CO2

- the pigments used for photosynthesis are located in the thylakoids

endosymbiosis

*cyanobacteria considered to be a endosymbiont and the eukaryotic cell considered to be the host cell

* cyanobacteria share some characteristics: double membrane, DNA, ribosomes, and thylakoids, but they are not the same

* cyanobacteria would have produced food for the host and the host would have synthesized proteins in the hosts' cytoplasm

Chloroplasts

* stroma contain a concentrated mixture of enzymes and thylakoid space(lumen) similar to the cytoplasm

* thylakoids are disclike sacs formed from the third membrane granum

*

* bounded by a double membrane

* main parts are the stroma, the thylakoids, and the granum

* found in plant cells and a few other eukaryotic, photosynthesizing cells

* contain different DNA and ribosomes than the rest of the cell