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The Basics of the Nervous
The Basics of the Nervous System
how the nervous system works
detect: to find out or discover
stimulate: to raise levels of interest, response, or activity
electroencephalograph (EEG): a machine used to record the electrical activity of large portions of the brain.
computerized axial tomography(CT): an imaging technique used to study the brain to pinpoint injuries and brain deterioration.
positron emission tomography(PET): an imaging technique used to see which brain area being activated while performing tasks.
magnetic resonance imaging(MRI): a measuring technique used to study brain structure and activity.
regulate: to control something
central nervous system (CNS): the brain and spinal cord
spinal cord: nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit most messages between the body and the brain.
peripheral nervous system (PNS): nerves branching beyond the spinal cord into the body.
neurons: the long, thin cells of nerve tissue along which messages travel to and from the brain.
synapse: the gap that exists between individual nerve cell.
neurotransmitters: the chemicals released by neurons, which determine the rate at which other neurons fire.
voluntary: proceeding from one's own consent
somatic nervous system (SNS): the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles
autonomic nervous system: the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls internal biological functions.
hindbrain: a part of the brain located at the rear base of the skull that is involved in the basic processes of life.
midbrain: a small part of the brain above the pons that arouses the brain, integrates sensory information, and relays it upward.
forebrain: a part of the brain that covers the brain's central core, responsible for sensory and motor control and processing of thinking and language
lobes: the different regions into which the cerebral cortex is divided.
endocrine system: a chemical communication system, using hormones, by which messages are sent through the bloodstream.
hormones: chemicals substances that carry messages through the body in blood.
beneficial: having a helpful or useful effect
pituitary gland: the center of control of the endocrine system that secretes a large number of hormones.
impact: to have a direct effect upon something.
heredity: the genetic transmissions of characteristics from parents to their offspring.
genes: the basic building blocks of heredity
modify: to change something slightly.
genotype: the set of genes in an organism.
phenotype: the expression of a particular trait in an organism.
inbred: descended from ancestors with similar genetics.
outbred: descended from ancestors with dissimilar genetics.
identical twins: twins who come from one fertilized egg: twins having the same heredity.
fraternal twins: twins who come from two different fertilized eggs and two different sperm.
similar: alike but not exactly the same