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The Role of Chemistry

Let's take a closer look...

DDT

comprised of active ingredient(s) + inert ingredient(s)

DDT- dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane

  • One of the most well-known synthetic insecticides
  • used in WWII to control malaria and other diseases spread by insects.

Common Compound:

PBO-> piperonyl butoxide

  • synergist- increases toxicity

High toxicity-

IS STILL MANUFATURED IN THE U.S.

Metconazole: Fungicide

  • Chem. Comp.: 5-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol
  • Toxicity category III

in Pesticides

What are Pesticides?

Definition

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has defined pesticide as:

Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or controlling any pest, including vectors of human or animal disease, unwanted species of plants or animals, causing harm during or otherwise interfering with the production, processing, storage, transport, or marketing of food, agricultural commodities, wood and wood products or animal feedstuffs, or substances that may be administered to animals for the control of insects, arachnids, or other pests in or on their bodies.

In short,

a chemical preparation for destroying plant, fungal, or animal pests.

Uses

According to the law, a pesticide is any substance "intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest...."

  • "control" pests (kill)
  • Prervent sickness (kill viruses)
  • Eliminate unwanted plants

Honestly, they are just meant to KILL THINGS.

Types

Chemical structure:

  • organic
  • inorganic
  • synthetic
  • biological (biopesticide)

Target organism:

  • herbicides
  • insecticides
  • fungicides
  • rodenticides
  • pediculicides

This includes antimicrobials and bug repellents that are used in everyday life.

However...

Agent Orange (Dioxin)

Through the work of chemists, pesticides have helped reduce disease and have helped farmers produce bigger crops.

While there are detrimental health effects and consequences to our environment, pesticides have helped control pests.

Go Chemistry!

Effect of chemicals in pesticides

In the Environment

  • Runoff from pesticides used (especially on crops) goes into the environment and disrupts natural life.
  • Animals that consume pesticides react differently than humans- can be very toxic.

In the Body

Pesticides are meant to KILL things, so why are we putting these chemicals into our bodies?

Chemicals that cause neurological health effects: organophosphates and carbamates

(very common!)

estimated 3 million cases of pesticide poisoning each year and up to 220,000 deaths, primarily in developing countries.

Chemical Processes

Chemical breakdown

  • soil temp
  • PH levels
  • moisture

Photodegradation

  • Chemical breakdown through sunlight

Chemical Breakdown

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