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Bibliography

Mastin, Luke. "Parmenides of Elea By Individual Philosopher Philosophy." Parmenides of Elea By Individual Philosopher Philosophy. N.p., 2008. Web. 29 Sept. 2014.

Palmer, John. "Parmenides." Stanford University. Stanford University, 08 Feb. 2008. Web. 29 Sept. 2014.

"Parmenides of Elea - Biography." Parmenides of Elea. The European Graduate School, n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2014.

Primary Texts

ON NATURE POEM WRITTEN BY HIMSELF.

In the poem he states that their perception of the reality of the physical world is not correct. He argues the reality of the world is the unchanged, ungenerated and indestructible "whole."

Since it doesn't actually exist, "what-is-not" cannot be the womb of generation. "No-longer" and "Not-yet" are its variants and so they do not exist. According to Parmenides, this meant change is impossible. Concluding everything, he thought that coming to existence or ceasing to exist are impossible, just like change. Everything that exists is permanent and unchangeable.

According to him, movement and change are just appearances of eternal reality. He also stated that truth cannot be known trough perception but reason, "logos." He believed "what-is-not" doesn't exist and everything that comes to being generates from "what-is-not," therefore objects can't come into being, which means they can't pass away since they'd have to be part of "what-is-not."

Work

Parmenides' only known work is a poem titled Peri Physeos, On Nature, written around 475 BCE. Only approximately 19 fragments, 150 of the 3000 original lines of the poem he wrote have survived, which we owe to Sextus Empiricus who copied most of it and Simplicius who cited big chunks of the large poem during commentaries on Aristotle. It was originally divided into three parts; A perlude, The Way of Truth and The Way of Opinion or The Way of Belief. (Includes a prologue/introduction.)

Parmenides of Elea

Was born in Elea, now Italy. This takes place around the years 515 and 450 BCE. He was a pre-socratic and philosopher. He was the founder of the Eleatic School of ancient Greek philosophy as well as the chief representative. He is said to be the most significant, profound, challenging and influential philosopher and thinker and the father of metaphysics. Particularly influenced Plato. It is also known he was the student of Xenophanes of Colophon.

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