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Helps IC
Assess initial actions
ID needed resources
Begin the IDHA process
The heat of combustion is the energy released as heat when a compound undergoes complete combustion with oxygen under standard conditions. The chemical reaction is typically a hydrocarbon reacting with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and heat.
Priorities
People
Environment
Property
All Haz Mat Events Eventually Stabilize
Non-intervention Strategy
Defensive “Containment” Strategy
Move from one to another when
Level (of training)
Resources
Capabilities
Are in line with the strategy
Shovels, dump trucks, dirt, sand bags, plastic bags, plastic sheet, earth moving equipment, foam, salvage covers, absorbents, fire hose, etc. etc. etc. etc. etc.
Penetration
Degradation
Permeation
process by which a chemical dissolves in and/or moves through a protective clothing material on a molecular level.
Physical Exam
Fit testing
Training
Air monitoring
Maintenance & storage
Decon
Documentation
Tools of the Trade
Tools of the Trade
Use for sealing gullies and sewer pipes after
accidents with Hazardous Materials. Preventing
ground water pollution, damming environmentally
dangerous liquids. Sealing filler pipes on roads and
rail tankers.
The Technical Reference Library consist of a library of chemical book and compact disks that the Tech/Ref personnel will use to determine hazards of a given chemical. These must be cross referenced and verified with at least 3 separate sources to insure accuracy and safety of the responders.
The Hazcat kit is used to take samples of unknown materials and test them thru systematic algorithm testing to categorize basic characteristics according to their hazard class. Simply put, this is a test kit for establishing the hazards and properties of an unknown. The experienced Hazmat responder uses this information to protect themselves, identify the material, and often, clean up the event without the need for further laboratory analysis.
This unit uses an Infrared Laser (Infrared Spectroscopy) to identify solids, liquids and pastes. It recognizes Organic compounds such as: Petroleum products, Pesticides, Fertilizers, Plastics, Plant materials, and many inorganic compounds including: Water, Mineral Acids (Sulfuric, Nitric, .), Inorganic, Oxides (Rust, Talc, .), Nitrates, Chlorates and Phosphates. The onboard computer compares the sample with a library of over 4000 known materials to select the most probable match for interpretation by Haz-Mat Specialists.
Ahura First Defender is a portable hand held Raman Spectrometer. It is a chemical identification system for liquids and solids. The First Defender uses a laser to shoot into the product to find it’s Raman/Fluorescence signal. It can be used through clear glass and plastic or you can place a small amount of the product in the sample vials and put it in the machine for analysis. Do not use on dark or flourescents materials. It is a laser so be careful!
This kit is used to control and collect liquid Mercury spills using a hand held suction tube, and Mercury absorbent pads. A major environmental concern, Mercury is a highly toxic “heavy metal” with significant and irreversible neurological effects .
LCD
Lightweight Chemical Detector
The Chlorine Kits come in three sizes A Kit (RED) for 100 and 150 Lb. Cylinders, B Kit (YELLOW) for One Ton Cylinders and the C Kit (GREEN) for Rail Car Containers. Everything in the Kits are color coded for that specific Kit. All three Kits were developed by the Chlorine Institute for capping leaking chlorine containers.
LCD uses advanced non rad Ion Mobility Spectrometry
To detect Chemical Warfare Agents and Toxic Industrial
Chemicals.
Indicators?
Hazmat Calls come in as?
Some events can suddenly get worse
e.g. BLEVEs
Haz Mat events are “different”…
Must respond safely, slowly & methodically
Elements of Hazmat Problem
Hazmat can kill before you see or smell it
Protective
Actions
Responder resources & capabilities
Protective Actions
Evacuation
Shelter-in-Place
and, oh yeah... Rescue
Population threatened
Current and predicted weather
Time factors involved
Selecting an option is half the job
Must manage inevitable problems
No choice will be easy to implement
Expect problems
Expect criticism & second-guessing
Ability to communicate with public
Decisions to evacuate or shelter-in-place can be complex.
Requires 6 basic considerations.
Clear delineation of area to protect
Methods of protection
evacuation orders, priorities, personnel
shelter-in-place orders, equipment, training
Procedures for lifting protection orders
Feeding & securing population
Shift changes for staff
Shortage of supplies for in-place protection (e.g. tape)
Transportation of population
Materials involved
Population threatened
Responders’ training, resources & capabilities
Time factors involved
Current and predicted weather
Ability to communicate with public
Hazardous Materials
Cover
Disperse
Foam
Dike
Divert
Dilute
Plug and patch
e.g. fix hole in drum or pipe
Absorb/Adsorb
e.g. apply pads to oil spill
Technicians
Specialists
With proper PPE!
A Brief History
of Haz Mat
Transfer
e.g. pump product to vacuum truck
Containerize
e.g. put leaking drum into overpack
Other
e.g. reposition drum or shut off valve
DAM
DIKE
DIVERT
DISPERSE
DILUTE
COVER
Contain & Control/
Countermeasures
When?
When it’s safe to do
When the benefit outweighs the risk
Why?
Limit spread of haz mat
Reduce life & health risk
Protect environment and property
Reduce cleanup costs &limit liability
X
Safety
IDHA!
Haz Mat Group & Safety Officer judgment
Skin & respiratory protection needed
Effect of temperature on shelf life
Cryogenic hazards
Thermal influences
Seal–a–meal
No one suit protects for all Haz Mats
Impaired vision and mobility
Heat stress
Absorbs or filters contaminants. Components include:
Face Piece
Canister
Supplied air, positive pressure ensemble with:
Face Piece
Regulator
Cylinder
Harness
What about a PASS device?
Exclusion zone
Level A, B or C
(Level C rarely used for emergency response)
Contamination Reduction Zone
Same or one level below EZ
Support Zone
None required
Physical form of material
Degree of hazard
Other
Oxygen level
CPC compatibility
Degree of unknowns
Hazmat Group will select level
Safety Officer approves proper level
If IDHA is incomplete
Must select highest level!
Levels
Selection criteria
Uses in Control Zones
Limitations
Respiration
Types
Requirements for use
Monitoring
First operational thought is safety
Safety starts with first responder on-scene
All must have positive safety attitude
Don’t get close enough for positive ID
Slow down, shut-off A/C, observe area
Use binoculars to identify/assess - "Rule of Thumb"
Position vehicles headed away
Advise responders of safe route of approach.
Always keep your distance
Approach upwind, upgrade and upstream
Be a responder, not an indicator
Goal is to attempt to quickly identify hazardous material by initial clues based on:
Incident Location
Roadway, Facility, House, Other Property
Container Types
Railcar, Tankcar, Tanks, Drums, Containers, Cylinders, Drums, Piping
Labeling & Markings
DOT Markings, NFPA Diamonds, HMIS Labels
Senses
Last Resort
IC must designate a Safety Officer
Lion Tactix MT-94
Level B suits are designed for splash protection only, are not vapor tight and are non-encapsulating. They are worn with gloves, boots and an SCBA on the outside of the suit for respiratory protection. Level B is one step below a level A suit because it is non-encapsulated. Haz Mat 2 maintain 4 Level B Plus and 6 Level B Suit on the rig.
Level C Suit
Level B Tactical Suit
Level C Suit
with PAPR
Level D
Isolate
Notifications
Use the ERG to determine downwind distances
Isolate and deny entry
Who/What: People & equipment
Victims
Responders
Equipment
Structures
IAP must include provisions for decon
Who usually does decon:
FRO’s (properly trained & equipped)
Tech’s and Specialists via Decon Team
How to decon: No absolute methods
Only general guides
Dilemma
Safe distance vs. control of Perimeter
Supervises Decon Unit
Determine size/extent of perimeter
Per ERG!
Downwind perimeter usually longer
Why, When, Who, What & How
Emergency Decontamination
Decon Team Personnel, Roles & Responsibilities
Same level as entry team
May be one level down
Degree of hazard
Amount of contamination
Length of exposure
Amount of material on you
Length of time it’s on you
Concentration of material
Physical state of material
Ambient temperatures
Purpose: Prevent spread of contamination
Decon procedures are guides only
Follow basic safety guides
Establish & observe control zones
Ensure all follow above
Dirty
Procedures follow logical order
Go from “dirty” to “clean”
Check your plan
When: Anytime you suspect contamination
Material is visible
Victim complains of pain, odor, etc.
Victim was near release
Control
Entry Points
Perimeter
Access inside perimeter
Primary
Done at the scene
Secondary
Done post incident
Emergency
Can be done by first responders
Acute/Chronic health effects
Problem gets bigger
Death!
Many haz mats are odorless, colorless and tasteless
Acute effects may not show up immediately
You may not be able to confirm exposure/contamination
Staging
- Tools
- Equipment
- Back up team (2 out)
Incident Command Post
- IC
- General and Command Staff
- Comms
Purpose of Perimeters & Control Zones
Hot Zone = Isolation Zone
Warm Zone = Contamination Reduction Zone = Decon Corridor
Cold Zone = Support Zone
Clean
Main operational difference
FROs usually set Perimeters
Techs/Specialists set Zones
Unstaffed barricades usually ineffective
Be aware of ignition sources
Vehicles
Flares
Use existing barriers
Filthy
Exclusion/Hot Zone
Contamination Reduction/Warm Zone
Support/Cold Zone
Be prepared to make changes as needed
If you can't be an athlete,....
Disposal
Notifications
Haz Mat incidents create haz waste
“Waste” = material that you can’t re-use
“Flushing Haz Mats Away”?
Often considered an illegal act!
For State Agencies
State Warning Center
(800) 852-7550
Notifications
Types of resources to request
What you see
What you need
What you are doing
(or have done)
Off-site resources
CHEMTREC
CHLOREP
USA
Poison Control
Notify District Superintendent
Acutely hazardous material release
Within ½ mile of a school
For Federal Agencies
National Response Center
(800) 424-8802
Facilities
CP
EOC
Evacuee shelters
Know local resources & request early
You are not alone
Resources are available
You must request them
? Remember the most important “Rule of Thumb” for the FRA?
Nature of problem
Quantity released
Other potential hazards
(e.g. fire!)
Funding and “Responsible Party”:
Accepts clean-up duty
Gives clean-up high priority
Conducts cleanup adequately
Funding begins with and ends with RP
Responsible party must make “Mandatory” notifications to proper authorities
Releases with potential adverse impact
RP makes mandatory notifications
Responders:
Releases near schools
“Mandatory” notifications
Responder — make same notifications as back-up
RP must make “mandatory” notifications
Possible civil/criminal penalties for
non–notification!
Mandatory notifications
Resource requests
Report on conditions
Pesticides – County Agriculture
Spill in state waters – OES, became CalEMA, now OES again
Highways – CHP
Radiologicals – DHS, EPA-RAP
Wildlife – DF&G
Prop 65 substances – County
Strict legal requirements
Track from cradle to grave
You must know them and follow them
First Responder
Operations
Mike Zolotoff
Tort Law
You get sued for causing injury or damage to someone or some thing
Salazar, Robert
Vicarious Liability
Your employer gets sued for something you did.
Joint and Several Liability
Deep pockets!
Many get sued
Few pay
Cost recovery
Exposure records
Training records
Future lawsuits & investigations, etc.
Date, time and location
Names of all personnel
Actions taken, resources used, costs incurred
Chemical names, incident conditions and observations
Sample data
Witness statements
Diagrams, photos, videos
Followed employer’s policies and guidelines
Incident Action Plan
Followed “reasonable person” efforts
Performed duty diligently and with prudence
Documented duties well
Followed recognized good practices
SIN CIA PCP DDD!
Understood scope of duties and performed within limitations
Keep exposure records!
Employer must keep for 30 years
All responders: keep own copies
1- Five Step IDHA Process
2- Department of Transportation’s Emergency Response Guidebook (DOT ERG)
3 -Safety Data Sheets SDSs) and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
4 -ERG and SDS as an IDHA Tool
5 -Importance of Toxicology
6 -Definitions
7 -Routes of Entry
8 -SDS Terms
9 -Dose-Response Relationship
Most critical aspect of a response
Can take time
Regulations require the incident commander (IC) to do it
Can’t manage the problem if you can’t identify the problem!
NFPA Facility Placards
FRO TableTop Exercise
Background
and Border
GASES
LIQUIDS
SOLIDS
"Dose makes the poison" Paracelsus
Actually it was "Poison is in everything, and no thing is without poison. The dosage makes it either a poison or a remedy."
See page 356 - "ERG 2012 for use by firefighters, police, and other emergency services....."
Acute: short-term,limited,one time
Chronic: long-term, repeated, continuous
Responders should have access to it
Responders should know how to use it
Required in the “workplace”
Not just “fixed facilities”
Required by OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard
4
Many hazmats are odorless, colorless and tasteless!
You may be exposed before you know it!
Approach safely - UUU
Wear PPE
Absorption - soaks through skin or eyes
Isolate and deny entry
Wear proper PPE
Decon any exposure
Transmits chemical hazard information from chemical manufacturers to employees.
Doesn’t apply to:
Appearance
Hardness
Strength
Melting point
Miscibility
Specific gravity
Doesn’t apply to:
Appearance
Concentration
Electrical conductivity
Miscibility
Specific gravity
Vapor density
Vapor pressure
Informs employees of “hazardous chemicals”
Ensures all chemical hazards are:
2
Acute: may not show immediately
may be immediate to several days
may result in injury, illness or death
Chronic: not detectable for years.
may differ from acute effects
Kind of Hazardous Material
Type of toxin
Dose (concentration) received
Duration & frequency of exposure
4= Deadly Hazard
3= Severe Hazard
2= Moderate Hazard
1= Slight Hazard
0= No Hazard
Flammable range
Lower explosive limit
Upper explosive limit
Flash point
Fire point
Auto-ignition temperature
Heat output
Corrosivity (pH)
Reactivity and stability
- ability to polymerize
- ability to oxidize other materials
Toxicity
Radioactivity
Answers key questions
SDS often provide toxicological info.
Section 1- Identification
Section 2 - Hazards(s) Identification
Section 3 - Composition / information on ingredients
Section 4 - First Aid Measures
Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures
Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures
Section 7 - Handling and Storage
Section 8 - Exposure Controls / Personal Protection
Section 9 - Physical and chemical properties
Section 10 - Stability and reactivity
Section 11 - Toxicological information
Section 12 - Ecological information
Section 13 - Disposal considerations
Section 14 - Transportation information
Section 15 - Regulatory Information
Section 16 - Other information
Appearance
Concentration
Boiling point
Electrical conductivity
Miscibility
Specific gravity
Vapor density
Vapor pressure
Viscosity
Volatility
Must link ID with HA
Identify the chemical name and
Assess the specific hazards
Designed to go on individual containers of products that don’t have manufacturer’s labels
Same color code/numerical rating system as the NFPA diamonds
29 CFR 1910.1200
Title 8 CCR 5194
White — Basic info & instructions
Yellow — UN #, guide # & material name
Blue — Material name, guide # and UN #
Orange — Guide number pages
Green —Isolation & Protective Actions
NFPA 704 System
Blue = Health
Red = Flammability
Yellow = Reactivity
No color = special hazards
Numbers range from 0 to 4.
Remember: Three primary risks are health, fire, and reactivity!
“P”: polymerization hazard
“Green-highlighted”: TIH, Chemical Warfare agent, or Dangerous Water–Reactive Material that produces toxic gas upon contact with water
Guide 111: unknown or non referenced material
Injection - puncture wound
Wear proper PPE
How can this happen?
CORR
Identify material:
(1) The substance or material.
Assess hazards:
(2) General, health and fire hazards
(3) Physical and chemical properties
(4) Variables and Modifying conditions
(5) Behavior and outcomes
IDLH
Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health
PEL
Permissible Exposure Limit
TLV™
Threshold Limit Value
STEL
Short Term Exposure Limit
Ingestion - you eat it
Isolate and deny entry
Don’t eat, smoke, drink
Inhalation - you breath it
Isolate and deny entry
Wear SCBA
Just stay away!
Inhalation is the most common health hazard faced by FRAs and FROs!
ERG
ERG purpose:
Basic safety tool
Basic identification
Initial actions
To be used at the Engine Co. Level
ERG Book Handouts!
Classification of hazard
Guides — “most essential guidance”
Isolation/evacuation distances — guides
Use table of placards only if no ID
"He also said....
He who knows nothing, loves nothing.
He who can do nothing understands nothing.
He who understands nothing is worthless."
Lower Explosive Limit
Melting Point
MSDS TableTop Exercise
Responders & equipment
Type, condition & behavior of container
Stage of incident
(short vs. long duration release)
“Intelligence” — information that is:
Verified
Organized
Analyzed
Prioritized and Useful for valid IDHA
IDHA is “Intelligence”
Now we’re ready for Action Plan!
Lower explosive limit (LEL): The lowest concentration (percentage) of a gas or a vapor in air capable of producing a flash of fire in presence of an ignition source (arc, flame, heat). The term is considered to be the same as the lower flammable limit (LFL). At a concentration in air lower than the LEL are gas mixtures are "too lean" to burn.
The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium.
Time
(evening or day or hours next to a school)
Before intervention
LD/LC 50
Lethal Dose 50%
Lethal Concentration 50%
PPM & Mg/M3
Parts Per Million
Milligrams Per Cubic Meter
Weather
(wind, temperature, rain)
Before intervention
Try to predict behavior of release
Effect depends on the dose
Dose increases – severity of effect increases
Severity of effect depends on duration of exposure
Location
(open field vs. downtown)
Identify material:
(1) The substance or material.
Assess hazards:
(2) General, health and fire hazards
(3) Physical and chemical properties
(4) Variables and Modifying conditions
(5) Behavior and outcomes
Nature of materials
Semi Bad Stuff
or
Bad Stuff
or
Really Bad Stuff
VS.
Boiling Point
Upper Explosive Limit
Availability & amount of control agents
Required on vehicles transporting hazardous materials
Used in conjunction with the DOT ERG
9 hazard classes
May contain multiple hazards
Not always accurate for our use
Placards and labels
DOT ERG
MSDSs
Shipping papers
can obtain shipper’s telephone number
Facility personnel
Technical references
Technical information centers
Identify material:
(1) The substance or material.
Assess hazards:
(2) General, health and fire hazards
(3) Physical and chemical properties
(4) Variables and Modifying conditions
(5) Behavior and outcomes
CHRIS
DOT Placards
NFPA Placards
HMIS Labels
Known
Unknown
Upper explosive limit (UEL): Highest concentration (percentage) of a gas or a vapor in air capable of producing a flash of fire in presence of an ignition source (arc, flame, heat). Concentration higher than UFL or UEL are "too rich" to burn.
Identify material:
(1) The substance or material.
Assess hazards:
(2) General, health and fire hazards
(3) Physical and chemical properties
(4) Variables and Modifying conditions
(5) Behavior and outcomes
The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor.
NIOSH
Miscibility
Flammable Range
The range of flammable vapor or gas-air mixture between the upper and lower flammable limits is known as the 'flammable range', also often referred to as the 'explosive range'.
The property of liquids to mix in all proportions, forming a homogeneous solution. In principle, the term applies also to other phases (solids and gases), but the main focus is usually on the solubility of one liquid in another.
The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) requires chemical manufacturers, distributors, or importers to provide Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) (formerly known as Material Safety Data Sheets or MSDSs) to communicate the hazards of hazardous chemical products. As of June 1, 2015, the HCS will require new SDSs to be in a uniform format, and include the section numbers, the headings, and associated information under the headings below:
Section 1, Identification includes product identifier; manufacturer or distributor name, address, phone number; emergency phone number; recommended use; restrictions on use.
Section 2, Hazard(s) identification includes all hazards regarding the chemical; required label elements.
Section 3, Composition/information on ingredients includes information on chemical ingredients; trade secret claims.
Section 4, First-aid measures includes important symptoms/effects, acute, delayed; required treatment.
Section 5, Fire-fighting measures lists suitable extinguishing techniques, equipment; chemical hazards from fire.
Section 6, Accidental release measures lists emergency procedures; protective equipment; proper methods of containment and cleanup.
Section 7, Handling and storage lists precautions for safe handling and storage, including incompatibilities.
Section 8, Exposure controls/personal protection lists OSHA’s Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs); ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLVs); and any other exposure limit used or recommended by the chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer preparing the SDS where available as well as appropriate engineering controls; personal protective equipment (PPE).
Section 9, Physical and chemical properties lists the chemical's characteristics.
Section 10, Stability and reactivity lists chemical stability and possibility of hazardous reactions.
Section 11, Toxicological information includes routes of exposure; related symptoms, acute and chronic effects; numerical measures of toxicity.
Section 12, Ecological information*
Section 13, Disposal considerations*
Section 14, Transport information*
Section 15, Regulatory information*
Section 16, Other information, includes the date of preparation or last revision.
Specific Gravity
Flammable Range
Truck: Bill of Lading (In cab)
Specific gravity (relative density) is the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density (mass of the same unit volume) of a reference substance (water).
Day 2
Specific Gravity
10) The First Operational Thought on a HazMat incident is:
6) What is an HMMP and what are 2 critical components of one?
8) Every HazMat event requires which 2 ICS positions to be filled?
9) The Incident Command Post (ICP) should generally be set up?
7) Access to a Haz Mat scene can be restricted to all but whom according to Penal Code Section 409.5?
1) A _______ is a substance that yields oxygen to support combustion under the DOT system
2) The NFPA 704 system gives you an idea of the general hazards of materials at:
3) How many sources should you use when identifying chemicals and their hazards?
4) What protection level uses a chemical protection splash suit with an SCBA outside of the suit?
5) Haz Mat First Responders trained to the Operational level may take what types of actions
A . A transportation incident
B. Superfund Sites
C. A fixed facility
A. Isolate
B. Notifications
C. Documentation
D. Safety
A. Members of the news media
B. Property Owners
C. Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) members
D. On and Off duty Firefighters
A. Uphill, Upwind, Upstream
B. Downhill, Downwind, Downstream
C. To minimize the distance that the entry team has to travel to enter the exclusion zone
D. Wherever it is convenient
A. Corrosive, Hazard Class 3
B. Oxidizer, Hazard Class 5
C. Inhalation Hazard, Hazard Class 6
D. Compressed Gas, Hazard Class 2
A. Level A
B. Level B
C. Level C
D. Level D
A. Hazardous Materials Minimization Program; Recycling plans and vendor contacts
B. Hazardous Materials Management Plan; Site Map and Chemical inventory
C. Hazardous Materials Marketing Plan; List of customers and chemical inventory
D. Hazardous Materials Business Plan; Site Map and Emergency Response Procedures
A. ERG only
B. 2 maximum
C. 1, keep it simple
D. 3 minimum
A. None
B. Evacuations
C. Offensive Actions
D. Defensive Actions
A. HazMat Group Supervisor and Decon Team Leader
B. IC and Rescue Group Supervisor
C. Safety Officer and HazMat Assistant Safety Officer
D. IC and Safety Officer
Flash Point
Substance Specific Gravity
Day 1
Alcohol 0.82
Mercury 13.95
Gasoline 0.72
Water (4oC) 1.00
Sea water 1.02
Malathion 95% 1.23
The flash point of a volatile material is the lowest temperature at which it can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air. Measuring a flash point requires an ignition source. At the flash point, the vapor may cease to burn when the source of ignition is removed
10) The First Operational Thought on a HazMat incident is:
8) Every HazMat event requires which 2 ICS positions to be filled?
9) The Incident Command Post (ICP) should generally be set up?
6) What is an HMMP and what are 2 critical components of one?
7) Access to a Haz Mat scene can be restricted to all but whom according to Penal Code Section 409.5?
2) The NFPA 704 system gives you an idea of the general hazards of materials at:
3) How many sources should you use when identifying chemicals and their hazards?
4) What protection level uses a chemical protection splash suit with an SCBA outside of the suit?
5) Haz Mat First Responders trained to the Operational level may take what types of actions
1) A _______ is a substance that yields oxygen to support combustion under the DOT system
A. Isolate
B. Notifications
C. Documentation
D. Safety
A . A transportation incident
B. Superfund Sites
C. A fixed facility
A. Members of the news media
B. Property Owners
C. Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) members
D. On and Off duty Firefighters
A. Uphill, Upwind, Upstream
B. Downhill, Downwind, Downstream
C. To minimize the distance that the entry team has to travel to enter the exclusion zone
D. Wherever it is convenient
A. Hazardous Materials Minimization Program; Recycling plans and vendor contacts
B. Hazardous Materials Management Plan; Site Map and Chemical inventory
C. Hazardous Materials Marketing Plan; List of customers and chemical inventory
D. Hazardous Materials Business Plan; Site Map and Emergency Response Procedures
A. Corrosive, Hazard Class 3
B. Oxidizer, Hazard Class 5
C. Inhalation Hazard, Hazard Class 6
D. Compressed Gas, Hazard Class 2
A. ERG only
B. 2 maximum
C. 1, keep it simple
D .3 minimum
A . Level A
B. Level B
C. Level C
D. Level D
A. None
B. Evacuations
C. Offensive Actions
D. Defensive Actions
A. HazMat Group Supervisor and Decon Team Leader
B. IC and Rescue Group Supervisor
C. Safety Officer and HazMat Assistant Safety Officer
D. IC and Safety Officer
Electrical Conductivity
Air: Air Bill (In cockpit)
Safety
Isolate
Notify
Command
ID/Hazard Assessment
Action Planning
Protective Actions
Contain/ Control
PPE
Decon
Disposal
Documentation
Fire Point
Measures a material's ability to conduct an electric current.
The fire point of a fuel is the temperature at which it will continue to burn for at least 5 seconds after ignition by an open flame. Most tables of material properties will only list material flash points, but in general the fire points can be assumed to be about 10 °C higher than the flash points.
Vapor Density
Auto Ignition Temperature
Weight of a unit volume of gas or vapor compared to (divided by) the weight of an equal volume of air. Substances lighter than air (such as acetylene, methane, oxygen) are said to have vapor densities less than 1.0 and substances heavier than air (such as butane, chlorine, ethane) are said to have vapor densities higher than 1.0.
The lowest temperature at which it will spontaneously ignite in a normal atmosphere without an external source of ignition, such as a flame or spark. This temperature is required to supply the activation energy needed for combustion.
Rail: Waybill & Consist (With crew)
Vapor Density
Lighter than Air Gases - Old Acronym
Heat Output/ Heat of Combustion
H - Hydrogen
A - Ammonia
H - Helium
A - Acetylene
M - Methane
I - Illuminating gases (old term for natural gas)
C - Carbon Monoxide
E - Ethylene
Vapor Density
Lighter than Air Gases - New Acronym
pH / Corrosivity
H - Hydrogen
H - Helium
H - Hydrogen Cyanide
H - Hydrogen Fluoride
M - Methane
E - Ethylene
D - Diborane
I - Illuminating Gases
C - Carbon Monoxide
A - Acetylene
N - Neon
N - Nitrogen
A - Ammonia
Vessel: Dangerous Cargo Manifest (On bridge)
In chemistry, pH is a measure of the activity of the (solvated) hydrogen ion.
Pure water has a pH very close to 7 at 25°C. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline.
Vapor Pressure
Title 8 California Code of Regs §5192
Provides:
Mandates IC authority on highways
pH / Corrosivity
Community right to know program
Allows peace officers to close disaster scene
Can’t keep press out, unless:
Private property
Crime scene
Interfering w/operations
The pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (solid or liquid) at a given temperature in a closed system. The equilibrium vapor pressure is an indication of a liquid's evaporation rate. It relates to the tendency of particles to escape from the liquid (or a solid). A substance with a high vapor pressure at normal temperatures is often referred to as volatile.
Should include info about products
But they may not always be accurate or complete
Atmospheric Pressure
The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure and is defined as being equal to 101.325 kPa.[1] The following units are equivalent, but only to the number of decimal places displayed: 760 mmHg (torr), 29.92 inHg, 14.696 psi, 1013.25 millibars or hectopascals.
Incident
Commander
Community right to know program
Federal version
Required OSHA to develop Hazwoper regulation
Health & Safety Code 25400
Gov’t employees have limited immunity from lawsuits
Government Code 8657
Volunteers have same immunity
29 CFR 1910.120
Identical to state reg
NFPA - Standards
Allows flight restrictions over scene
Allows press to have access to restricted area
Regulates transportation of hazmat
Requires placards, labels, shipping papers, etc.
Vapor Pressure
The following table is a list of a variety of substances ordered by increasing vapor pressure.
Work within these parameters
Substance Vapor Pressure (SI units) VP (millibars); VP (mmHg); Temperature
Tungsten 100 Pa 1 0.75 3203 °C
Ethylene glycol 500 Pa 5 3.75 20 °C
Xenon difluoride 600 Pa 6 4.50 25 °C
Water (H2O) 2.3 kPa 23 17.5 20 ° C Ethanol 5.83 kPa 58.3 43.7 20 °C
Freon 113 37.9 kPa 379 284 20 °C
Butane 220 kPa 2,200 1650 20 °C
Formaldehyde 435.7 kPa 4,357 3268 20 °C
Propane 1.013 MPa 10,133 7600 25.6 °C
Carbon dioxide 5.7 MPa 57,000 42753 20 °C
Vapor Pressure
Volatility
In chemistry and physics, volatility is the tendency of a substance to vaporize. Volatility is directly related to a substance's vapor pressure. At a given temperature, a substance with higher vapor pressure vaporizes more readily than a substance with a lower vapor pressure.
OSHA Definition
One who responds to Haz Mat release
As part of the initial response
In a defensive fashion
Doesn’t try to actually stop the release
Contains release from a safe distance
Equipment
Training
Follow employer’s requirements
Follow recognized good practice
DOT ERG
You can be held liable
Government employees have qualified immunities
29 CFR 1910.120
Federal Regulation
Title 8 California Code of Regs §5192
California Regulation
Plan for response and cleanup
Train employees
Follow basic response requirements
Identify material:
(1) The substance or material.
Assess hazards:
(2) General, health and fire hazards
(3) Physical and chemical properties
(4) Variables and Modifying conditions
(5) Behavior and outcomes
Selected State Hazardous Materials Courses
Primary First Responder role
Safely and competently respond
Within appropriate
OSHA definition
Likely to witness/discover a release
Can initiate notifying authorities
Take no further actions
IC
Establish CP Upwind, Uphill, Upstream at a safe distance
Be Prepared to re-locate if wind or circumstances change
Establish “Staging Area” as safe haven
Locate Staging…
Upwind, uphill, upstream
Within a three minute availability
Finance
Logistics
Operations
Plans
Operations
If you are first on scene, YOU are IC!
According to OSHA HAZWOPER regulations
Formally assume “Temporary Command”
Setup “Temporary Command Post”…
Where you are
Establish staging area
Manage event until designated IC arrives
Haz Mat
Rescue
Fire
Suppression
Medical
Protective
Actions
ICS provides:
*One unified organization
*Clear functional elements
*Flexibility and expandability
*Unity of command
*Manageable span of control
*Effective communications & coordination
Treats Victims
Supports Operations
ERG Guide pages
MSDS recommendations
Employer guidelines
FROs must:
Understand & prioritize goals
Mentally conduct Risk vs. Gain assessment
Coordinate with all responders
Before taking any tactical action!
Agencies involved may be the designated Incident Commander
Military vessels and facilities
State buildings
State universities
State mental health institutions
Correctional institutions
Driven by safety,
Tempered by common sense,
Take action only if Gains outweigh Risks!
Won’t develop written plans (usually)
Should have response objectives
Should plan before acting
Responsible for hazmat incidents on
“Marine waters”
“State Waters”
Responsible for hazmat incidents on
“Marine waters”
“State Waters”
Communicate with IC when:
1 -Mission is accomplished
2 - You need more resources
3 -There is a significant event
4 - To give a situation report/update
In plain English!
It’s the law (OSHA regs)
29 CFR 1910.120(q)(6)
Title 8 CCR 5192(q)(6)
Responders must have an incident action plan for hazardous materials incidents, and know their
Roles
Responsibilities
Scene management system
Standard operating procedures
(1) Identify gains to life, environment and property
(2) Identify risks to life, environment and property
(3) Assess level, resources and capabilities of responders
(4) Assess overall safety
(5) Assess overall viability of action
The required command system, per:
29 CFR 1910.120 (q) - OSHA
Title 8 CCR 5192
CGC 8607
All say you must use ICS at a hazardous materials incident!
Components of action plans
ID the problem
ID resources available
Use available resources to solve problem
Regs require two plans
Incident Action Plan - ICS 201
Site Safety Plan - ICS 208
Pro: Rescue and save lives
Cons: Risk to responders
Dilemma: Rescue/not rescue
Consider acceptable risk
BLEVE = Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion
Know BLEVE signs, consequences.
BLEVE potential demands Risk vs. Gain assessment before action!
Video Library
Toluene Tank
Body Recovery
Worried Man
Ammonia Leak
Chemical Warfare
HazMat Suits
Cold Blooded
Civil Defense Film