Introducing 

Prezi AI.

Your new presentation assistant.

Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.

Loading…
Transcript

Helps IC

Assess initial actions

ID needed resources

Begin the IDHA process

Hazard classes and/or divisions listed on table 2 of 49 CFR, Section 172.504 require that you have 1,001 lbs or more of aggregate gross weight of hazardous materials to placard the transport vehicle.

The heat of combustion is the energy released as heat when a compound undergoes complete combustion with oxygen under standard conditions. The chemical reaction is typically a hydrocarbon reacting with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and heat.

Action Planning

Priorities

People

Environment

Property

All Haz Mat Events Eventually Stabilize

Non-intervention Strategy

Defensive “Containment” Strategy

Move from one to another when

Level (of training)

Resources

Capabilities

Are in line with the strategy

Shovels, dump trucks, dirt, sand bags, plastic bags, plastic sheet, earth moving equipment, foam, salvage covers, absorbents, fire hose, etc. etc. etc. etc. etc.

Penetration

Degradation

Permeation

process by which a chemical dissolves in and/or moves through a protective clothing material on a molecular level.

Physical Exam

Fit testing

Training

Air monitoring

Maintenance & storage

Decon

Isolation Zones - Termonology

Documentation

Pads and Booms

Tools of the Trade

Vetter Sealing Bags

Liquid Transfer Equipment

Gas Detection Meters

Tools of the Trade

Use for sealing gullies and sewer pipes after

accidents with Hazardous Materials. Preventing

ground water pollution, damming environmentally

dangerous liquids. Sealing filler pipes on roads and

rail tankers.

Radiological Meters

Ahura First Defender

Hazmat ID

Hazcat Kit

Technical Reference Library

Mercury Spill Kit

The Technical Reference Library consist of a library of chemical book and compact disks that the Tech/Ref personnel will use to determine hazards of a given chemical. These must be cross referenced and verified with at least 3 separate sources to insure accuracy and safety of the responders.

The Hazcat kit is used to take samples of unknown materials and test them thru systematic algorithm testing to categorize basic characteristics according to their hazard class. Simply put, this is a test kit for establishing the hazards and properties of an unknown. The experienced Hazmat responder uses this information to protect themselves, identify the material, and often, clean up the event without the need for further laboratory analysis.

This unit uses an Infrared Laser (Infrared Spectroscopy) to identify solids, liquids and pastes. It recognizes Organic compounds such as: Petroleum products, Pesticides, Fertilizers, Plastics, Plant materials, and many inorganic compounds including: Water, Mineral Acids (Sulfuric, Nitric, .), Inorganic, Oxides (Rust, Talc, .), Nitrates, Chlorates and Phosphates. The onboard computer compares the sample with a library of over 4000 known materials to select the most probable match for interpretation by Haz-Mat Specialists.

Ahura First Defender is a portable hand held Raman Spectrometer. It is a chemical identification system for liquids and solids. The First Defender uses a laser to shoot into the product to find it’s Raman/Fluorescence signal. It can be used through clear glass and plastic or you can place a small amount of the product in the sample vials and put it in the machine for analysis. Do not use on dark or flourescents materials. It is a laser so be careful!

This kit is used to control and collect liquid Mercury spills using a hand held suction tube, and Mercury absorbent pads. A major environmental concern, Mercury is a highly toxic “heavy metal” with significant and irreversible neurological effects .

LCD

Lightweight Chemical Detector

Chlorine Kits

HazMat Concerns?

The Chlorine Kits come in three sizes A Kit (RED) for 100 and 150 Lb. Cylinders, B Kit (YELLOW) for One Ton Cylinders and the C Kit (GREEN) for Rail Car Containers. Everything in the Kits are color coded for that specific Kit. All three Kits were developed by the Chlorine Institute for capping leaking chlorine containers.

LCD uses advanced non rad Ion Mobility Spectrometry

To detect Chemical Warfare Agents and Toxic Industrial

Chemicals.

Indicators?

Hazmat Calls come in as?

  • “Events” will happen!

The Hazmat Problem

Some events can suddenly get worse

e.g. BLEVEs

The Haz Mat Problem

Haz Mat events are “different”…

Must respond safely, slowly & methodically

Elements of Hazmat Problem

Hazmat can kill before you see or smell it

Elements of Hazmat Problem

The Hazmat Problem

Protective

Actions

  • Volume of hazardous materials
  • Variety of hazardous materials
  • Presence of hazardous materials
  • The human factor (Murhpy’s Law, Job Security

Selection and Management

The Hazmat Problem

Protective Actions

  • Millions of chemicals in existence
  • Thousands classified as “hazardous”
  • Hundreds are “extremely hazardous”

Protective Action Messages

Decision Considerations

Special Populations - Problems

Decision Considerations

Special Populations - Issues

Decision Considerations

Responder resources & capabilities

Protective Actions

Evacuation

Shelter-in-Place

and, oh yeah... Rescue

Population threatened

Current and predicted weather

Time factors involved

Selecting an option is half the job

Must manage inevitable problems

No choice will be easy to implement

Expect problems

Expect criticism & second-guessing

6

Ability to communicate with public

Decisions to evacuate or shelter-in-place can be complex.

Requires 6 basic considerations.

Clear delineation of area to protect

Methods of protection

evacuation orders, priorities, personnel

shelter-in-place orders, equipment, training

Procedures for lifting protection orders

Feeding & securing population

Shift changes for staff

Shortage of supplies for in-place protection (e.g. tape)

Transportation of population

  • Hazardous Materials are everywhere
  • Our modern standard of living requires Haz Mat use and transport

Materials involved

Explosive or highly toxic material would favor evacuation over shelter-in-place.

Hospitals, high-rises & institutions

Evacuation may not be practical

Protective action choice would dictate Shelter-in-Place

Where to Shelter-in-Place? Varies with conditions…

e.g. Should use an upper floor of a multi-story building for a hazardous material with a vapor density greater than 1.

Materials involved

Population threatened

Responders’ training, resources & capabilities

Time factors involved

Current and predicted weather

Ability to communicate with public

Hazardous Materials

Methods of Containment

Who Does Control?

Methods of Containment

Containment Tools & Equipment

Three Strategies

Methods of Containment

When and Why?

Methods of Offensive Control

Three Strategies - in order!

Control vs. Containment

Methods of Containment

Methods of Offensive Control

Hint!

Cover

Disperse

Foam

Dike

Divert

Dam

Standard dam contains all

Overflow dam contains lower phase

Underflow dam contains upper phase

used when material is not water soluble and specific gravity is less than 1.

Main Points

Dilute

Plug and patch

e.g. fix hole in drum or pipe

Absorb/Adsorb

e.g. apply pads to oil spill

Technicians

Specialists

With proper PPE!

A Brief History

of Haz Mat

Transfer

e.g. pump product to vacuum truck

Containerize

e.g. put leaking drum into overpack

Other

e.g. reposition drum or shut off valve

DAM

DIKE

DIVERT

DISPERSE

DILUTE

COVER

Responders must know the difference

Potential for contact with material?

It’s “control”

Remember: Control is “offensive,” usually done by Technicians or Specialists, and requires PPE not normally worn by FROs!

Contain & Control/

Countermeasures

When?

When it’s safe to do

When the benefit outweighs the risk

Why?

Limit spread of haz mat

Reduce life & health risk

Protect environment and property

Reduce cleanup costs &limit liability

Non-Intervention: SIN only!

“no-fight”

done by ALL trained levels

Containment: Slow & restrict spread

defensive

usually done by FROs

Control: Stops Haz Mat release

offensive

usually done by Technicians and/or Specialists

X

Safety

Requirements for Use

Selection Criteria - Basic

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)

Selection Criteria

PPE Limitations

PPE & Control Zones

Air-Purifying Respirator (APR)

Selection Criteria

CPC Limitations

Hint!

PPE Topics

Protection “Levels”

Selection Criteria

Mental Safe Approach

It’s The Law!

Conduct Safe Assessment

First Operational Thought

Level B

inhalation hazard ≥ IDLH

or

low oxygen

Safety Identification Clues

Level A

unknown material

or

known material with significant vapor absorption hazard

SAFETY

IDHA!

Haz Mat Group & Safety Officer judgment

Skin & respiratory protection needed

Effect of temperature on shelf life

Cryogenic hazards

Thermal influences

Seal–a–meal

No one suit protects for all Haz Mats

Impaired vision and mobility

Heat stress

Level A

supplied air

best skin protection

SCBA or SAR respiration

fully encapsulated, vapor-tight

Level B

supplied air

good skin protection

SCBA or SAR respiration

full CPC, not vapor-tight

Absorbs or filters contaminants. Components include:

Face Piece

Canister

Supplied air, positive pressure ensemble with:

Face Piece

Regulator

Cylinder

Harness

What about a PASS device?

Exclusion zone

Level A, B or C

(Level C rarely used for emergency response)

Contamination Reduction Zone

Same or one level below EZ

Support Zone

None required

Physical form of material

Degree of hazard

Other

Oxygen level

CPC compatibility

Degree of unknowns

Hazmat Group will select level

Safety Officer approves proper level

If IDHA is incomplete

Must select highest level!

Levels

Selection criteria

Uses in Control Zones

Limitations

Respiration

Types

Requirements for use

Monitoring

LCES can and should be used in every response, Haz Mat or otherwise

First operational thought is safety

Safety starts with first responder on-scene

All must have positive safety attitude

Don’t get close enough for positive ID

Slow down, shut-off A/C, observe area

Use binoculars to identify/assess - "Rule of Thumb"

Position vehicles headed away

Advise responders of safe route of approach.

Level C

APR & modest skin protection

air purifying respirator

modest CPC to protect skin

Level D

no respiratory protection

minimal splash/vapor protection

CPC may absorb liquids/vapors

Level C

inhalation hazard

absorption hazard

Level D

No Hazards

(FRA & FRO)

Always keep your distance

Approach upwind, upgrade and upstream

Be a responder, not an indicator

Goal is to attempt to quickly identify hazardous material by initial clues based on:

Incident Location

Roadway, Facility, House, Other Property

Container Types

Railcar, Tankcar, Tanks, Drums, Containers, Cylinders, Drums, Piping

Labeling & Markings

DOT Markings, NFPA Diamonds, HMIS Labels

Senses

Last Resort

IC must designate a Safety Officer

  • Safety Officer ensures safety on-scene
  • may stop or suspend unsafe operations
  • Safety Officer enforces safety rules
  • ALL Responders obey safety rules
  • In a HazMat Event, a HazMat ASO (Assistant Safety Officer) may need be designated

Lookouts

Communications

Escape Routes

Safety Zones

Personal Protective Equipment

And Monitoring

(PPE)

Level A Suit

Level B Suit

Lion Tactix MT-94

Level B suits are designed for splash protection only, are not vapor tight and are non-encapsulating. They are worn with gloves, boots and an SCBA on the outside of the suit for respiratory protection. Level B is one step below a level A suit because it is non-encapsulated. Haz Mat 2 maintain 4 Level B Plus and 6 Level B Suit on the rig.

Level C Suit

Level B Tactical Suit

Level C Suit

with PAPR

Level D

Isolate

First Operational Alert

Notifications

Establishing Boundaries

First Operational Priority

Support Zone

Exclusion Zone

Control Zones

Perimeter Control Tactics

Downwind Perimeter

Contamination Reduction Zone

formerly the Decon Corridor

Perimeter Control Objectives

Main Points

Perimeters & Control Zones

Who, What, When & Why

Use the ERG to determine downwind distances

Decon Roles & Responsibilities

Emergency Decon

Degree of Contamination

Isolate and deny entry

Who, What, When & Why

Performing Decon

Protective Clothing

First Operational Priority

Types of Decon

Minimizing Exposure & Contamination

Warning!

Consequences of No Decon

Summary

Decon Unit Leader

Contamination Reduction Zone

formerly the Decon Corridor

Who/What: People & equipment

Victims

Responders

Equipment

Structures

IAP must include provisions for decon

Who usually does decon:

FRO’s (properly trained & equipped)

Tech’s and Specialists via Decon Team

How to decon: No absolute methods

Only general guides

Dilemma

Safe distance vs. control of Perimeter

Guidelines

In least environmentally sensitive area

Remove contaminated clothing

Flush with water

Try to preserve modesty for victim

Supervises Decon Unit

Determine size/extent of perimeter

Per ERG!

Downwind perimeter usually longer

Why, When, Who, What & How

Emergency Decontamination

Decon Team Personnel, Roles & Responsibilities

Same level as entry team

May be one level down

Degree of hazard

Amount of contamination

Length of exposure

Amount of material on you

Length of time it’s on you

Concentration of material

Physical state of material

Ambient temperatures

Purpose: Prevent spread of contamination

Decon procedures are guides only

Follow basic safety guides

Establish & observe control zones

Ensure all follow above

Dirty

Procedures follow logical order

Go from “dirty” to “clean”

Check your plan

When: Anytime you suspect contamination

Material is visible

Victim complains of pain, odor, etc.

Victim was near release

Control

Entry Points

Perimeter

Access inside perimeter

Primary

Done at the scene

Secondary

Done post incident

Emergency

Can be done by first responders

Acute/Chronic health effects

Problem gets bigger

Death!

Many haz mats are odorless, colorless and tasteless

Acute effects may not show up immediately

You may not be able to confirm exposure/contamination

Staging

- Tools

- Equipment

- Back up team (2 out)

Incident Command Post

- IC

- General and Command Staff

- Comms

Purpose of Perimeters & Control Zones

  • Ensure safety and isolation
  • Control the scene
  • Limit spread of contamination
  • Allow for safe working area

Hot Zone = Isolation Zone

Warm Zone = Contamination Reduction Zone = Decon Corridor

Cold Zone = Support Zone

Clean

Main operational difference

FROs usually set Perimeters

Techs/Specialists set Zones

Unstaffed barricades usually ineffective

Be aware of ignition sources

Vehicles

Flares

Use existing barriers

Filthy

Exclusion/Hot Zone

Contamination Reduction/Warm Zone

Support/Cold Zone

Be prepared to make changes as needed

If you can't be an athlete,....

Disposal

Disposal Requirements

Notifications

Disposal Requirements

Information Needed

Key Notification Points

Request for Resources

Hazmat Resources

Rules of Thumb

Report of Conditions

Hazmat Resources

Notifications for Schools

Report of Conditions

Key Notification Points

Funding Requirements

Responsibility for Notifications

First Operational Alert

Notification Requirements

Types of Notifications

RP Notification Requirements

Other Notifications Required

AKA: Alphabet Soup

Haz Mat incidents create haz waste

“Waste” = material that you can’t re-use

“Flushing Haz Mats Away”?

Often considered an illegal act!

For State Agencies

State Warning Center

(800) 852-7550

Notifications

Types of resources to request

  • People
  • Equipment

What you see

What you need

What you are doing

(or have done)

Off-site resources

CHEMTREC

CHLOREP

USA

Poison Control

Notify District Superintendent

Acutely hazardous material release

Within ½ mile of a school

For Federal Agencies

National Response Center

(800) 424-8802

Facilities

CP

EOC

Evacuee shelters

Know local resources & request early

You are not alone

Resources are available

You must request them

? Remember the most important “Rule of Thumb” for the FRA?

Nature of problem

Quantity released

Other potential hazards

(e.g. fire!)

Funding and “Responsible Party”:

Accepts clean-up duty

Gives clean-up high priority

Conducts cleanup adequately

Funding begins with and ends with RP

Responsible party must make “Mandatory” notifications to proper authorities

Releases with potential adverse impact

  • Health
  • Safety
  • Environment

RP makes mandatory notifications

Responders:

Releases near schools

“Mandatory” notifications

  • Local 911 — Local dispatch
  • CUPA/Administering Agency — ???
  • State Warning Center — (800) 852-7550
  • National Response Center — (800) 424-8802

Responder — make same notifications as back-up

RP must make “mandatory” notifications

Possible civil/criminal penalties for

non–notification!

Mandatory notifications

Resource requests

Report on conditions

Pesticides – County Agriculture

Spill in state waters – OES, became CalEMA, now OES again

Highways – CHP

Radiologicals – DHS, EPA-RAP

Wildlife – DF&G

Prop 65 substances – County

Strict legal requirements

Track from cradle to grave

You must know them and follow them

First Responder

Operations

Basic Legal Concepts

Reasons for Documentation

Examples of Good Legal Defenses

Components of Good Documentation

Chemical Exposure Records

Mike Zolotoff

Tort Law

You get sued for causing injury or damage to someone or some thing

Salazar, Robert

Vicarious Liability

Your employer gets sued for something you did.

Joint and Several Liability

Deep pockets!

Many get sued

Few pay

Cost recovery

Exposure records

Training records

Future lawsuits & investigations, etc.

Date, time and location

Names of all personnel

Actions taken, resources used, costs incurred

Chemical names, incident conditions and observations

Sample data

Witness statements

Diagrams, photos, videos

Followed employer’s policies and guidelines

Incident Action Plan

Followed “reasonable person” efforts

Performed duty diligently and with prudence

Documented duties well

Followed recognized good practices

SIN CIA PCP DDD!

Understood scope of duties and performed within limitations

Keep exposure records!

Employer must keep for 30 years

All responders: keep own copies

Identification

and

Hazard Assessment

(IDHA)

Hint!

ID and Hazard Assessment

Concepts

1- Five Step IDHA Process

2- Department of Transportation’s Emergency Response Guidebook (DOT ERG)

3 -Safety Data Sheets SDSs) and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

4 -ERG and SDS as an IDHA Tool

5 -Importance of Toxicology

6 -Definitions

7 -Routes of Entry

8 -SDS Terms

9 -Dose-Response Relationship

Corrosives

Flammable Solids

Hint!

IDHA Process

Most critical aspect of a response

Can take time

Regulations require the incident commander (IC) to do it

Can’t manage the problem if you can’t identify the problem!

4

8

NFPA Facility Placards

NFPA Facility Placards

So - Let’s Use IT!

Table 2 Placards

Components of Placards

SDS - Not

SDS as an IDHA Tool

SDS - Not

Flammable Liquids

ERG Organization

ERG Use

SDS Must Cover 16 Elements

SDS - Where?

ERG—Good But Limited

Toxicology Variables

ERG Detailed Info

SDS - What?

Hint!

Remember!

Routes of Entry and Preventing Exposure

Toxicology Variables

Routes of Entry and Preventing Exposure

SDS - How?

Chemical Properties of Matter

Five Step IDHA Process

Routes of Entry and Preventing Exposure

Radioactive Material

Physical Properties of Matter

Routes of Entry and Preventing Exposure

DOT Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)

Alphabet Soup

MSDS Acronyms and Terms

FRO TableTop Exercise

Safety Data Sheets (SDS)

formerly

Material Safety Data Sheets

(MSDS)

HMIS Container Labels

IDHA Process

Effects from Exposures may,

in turn, be both…

Regarding Exposure…

Personal Tolerances

Background

and Border

GASES

LIQUIDS

SOLIDS

"Dose makes the poison" Paracelsus

Actually it was "Poison is in everything, and no thing is without poison. The dosage makes it either a poison or a remedy."

See page 356 - "ERG 2012 for use by firefighters, police, and other emergency services....."

Acute: short-term,limited,one time

Chronic: long-term, repeated, continuous

Responders should have access to it

Responders should know how to use it

Required in the “workplace”

Not just “fixed facilities”

Required by OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard

4

Many hazmats are odorless, colorless and tasteless!

You may be exposed before you know it!

Approach safely - UUU

Wear PPE

Absorption - soaks through skin or eyes

Isolate and deny entry

Wear proper PPE

Decon any exposure

Transmits chemical hazard information from chemical manufacturers to employees.

Doesn’t apply to:

  • Tobacco
  • Wood
  • Drugs
  • Radiation
  • Biohazards

 Appearance

 Hardness

 Strength

 Melting point

 Miscibility

 Specific gravity

Doesn’t apply to:

  • Pesticides
  • Food additives & cosmetics
  • Distilled spirits
  • Consumer products
  • Hazardous waste

 Appearance

 Concentration

 Electrical conductivity

 Miscibility

 Specific gravity

 Vapor density

 Vapor pressure

  • Age
  • Medical history
  • Gender
  • Personal habits

Informs employees of “hazardous chemicals”

Ensures all chemical hazards are:

  • Evaluated and
  • Info is transmitted to employees

2

Acute: may not show immediately

may be immediate to several days

may result in injury, illness or death

Chronic: not detectable for years.

may differ from acute effects

Kind of Hazardous Material

Type of toxin

Dose (concentration) received

Duration & frequency of exposure

4= Deadly Hazard

3= Severe Hazard

2= Moderate Hazard

1= Slight Hazard

0= No Hazard

 Flammable range

 Lower explosive limit

 Upper explosive limit

 Flash point

 Fire point

 Auto-ignition temperature

 Heat output

 Corrosivity (pH)

 Reactivity and stability

- ability to polymerize

- ability to oxidize other materials

 Toxicity

 Radioactivity

Answers key questions

  • What is it?
  • How can I protect my self?
  • What will it do to me?

SDS often provide toxicological info.

Section 1- Identification

Section 2 - Hazards(s) Identification

Section 3 - Composition / information on ingredients

Section 4 - First Aid Measures

Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures

Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures

Section 7 - Handling and Storage

Section 8 - Exposure Controls / Personal Protection

Section 9 - Physical and chemical properties

Section 10 - Stability and reactivity

Section 11 - Toxicological information

Section 12 - Ecological information

Section 13 - Disposal considerations

Section 14 - Transportation information

Section 15 - Regulatory Information

Section 16 - Other information

 Appearance

 Concentration

 Boiling point

 Electrical conductivity

 Miscibility

 Specific gravity

 Vapor density

 Vapor pressure

 Viscosity

 Volatility

Must link ID with HA

Identify the chemical name and

Assess the specific hazards

Designed to go on individual containers of products that don’t have manufacturer’s labels

Same color code/numerical rating system as the NFPA diamonds

29 CFR 1910.1200

Title 8 CCR 5194

White — Basic info & instructions

Yellow — UN #, guide # & material name

Blue — Material name, guide # and UN #

Orange — Guide number pages

Green —Isolation & Protective Actions

NFPA 704 System

Blue = Health

Red = Flammability

Yellow = Reactivity

No color = special hazards

Numbers range from 0 to 4.

Remember: Three primary risks are health, fire, and reactivity!

“P”: polymerization hazard

“Green-highlighted”: TIH, Chemical Warfare agent, or Dangerous Water–Reactive Material that produces toxic gas upon contact with water

Guide 111: unknown or non referenced material

Injection - puncture wound

Wear proper PPE

How can this happen?

CORR

Identify material:

(1) The substance or material.

Assess hazards:

(2) General, health and fire hazards

(3) Physical and chemical properties

(4) Variables and Modifying conditions

(5) Behavior and outcomes

IDLH

Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health

PEL

Permissible Exposure Limit

TLV™

Threshold Limit Value

STEL

Short Term Exposure Limit

Ingestion - you eat it

Isolate and deny entry

Don’t eat, smoke, drink

Inhalation - you breath it

Isolate and deny entry

Wear SCBA

Just stay away!

Inhalation is the most common health hazard faced by FRAs and FROs!

ERG

ERG purpose:

Basic safety tool

Basic identification

Initial actions

To be used at the Engine Co. Level

ERG Book Handouts!

Classification of hazard

Guides — “most essential guidance”

Isolation/evacuation distances — guides

Use table of placards only if no ID

"He also said....

He who knows nothing, loves nothing.

He who can do nothing understands nothing.

He who understands nothing is worthless."

7

3

Baseline Question

So - Let’s Use IT!

Lower Explosive Limit

Melting Point

Intelligence vs. Information

Variables & Modifying Conditions

Result

More Alphabet Soup

MSDS Acronyms and Terms

Variables & Modifying Conditions

Five Step IDHA Process

Variables & Modifying Conditions

Dose-Response Relationship

Predicted Behavior

MSDS TableTop Exercise

Five Step IDHA Process

Responders & equipment

Type, condition & behavior of container

Stage of incident

(short vs. long duration release)

“Intelligence” — information that is:

Verified

Organized

Analyzed

Prioritized and Useful for valid IDHA

IDHA is “Intelligence”

Now we’re ready for Action Plan!

Poison

Lower explosive limit (LEL): The lowest concentration (percentage) of a gas or a vapor in air capable of producing a flash of fire in presence of an ignition source (arc, flame, heat). The term is considered to be the same as the lower flammable limit (LFL). At a concentration in air lower than the LEL are gas mixtures are "too lean" to burn.

Compressed Gases

Components of Placards

Five Step IDHA Process

DOT Placards

Five Step IDHA Process

3 Sources—Preferred Minimum

Other Identification Methods

Sources to Aid in IDHA

Known vs. Unknown Hazardous Material

The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium.

Time

(evening or day or hours next to a school)

Placards and Labels

Before intervention

  • Outcome of natural stabilization?
  • Favorable impact intervention will make?
  • Risk vs Gain

LD/LC 50

Lethal Dose 50%

Lethal Concentration 50%

PPM & Mg/M3

Parts Per Million

Milligrams Per Cubic Meter

Weather

(wind, temperature, rain)

Before intervention

Try to predict behavior of release

  • What will it do?
  • Where will it go?
  • What will it hurt?

Effect depends on the dose

Dose increases – severity of effect increases

Severity of effect depends on duration of exposure

Location

(open field vs. downtown)

Identify material:

(1) The substance or material.

Assess hazards:

(2) General, health and fire hazards

(3) Physical and chemical properties

(4) Variables and Modifying conditions

(5) Behavior and outcomes

Nature of materials

Semi Bad Stuff

or

Bad Stuff

or

Really Bad Stuff

Symbol

VS.

Boiling Point

Upper Explosive Limit

  • Visual
  • Monitoring/Detection methods
  • Hazard Characterization (HazCat)
  • Laboratories

Availability & amount of control agents

DANGEROUS

WHEN

WET

Required on vehicles transporting hazardous materials

Used in conjunction with the DOT ERG

9 hazard classes

May contain multiple hazards

Not always accurate for our use

4

Class Overview

Placards and labels

DOT ERG

MSDSs

Shipping papers

can obtain shipper’s telephone number

Facility personnel

Technical references

Technical information centers

Identify material:

(1) The substance or material.

Assess hazards:

(2) General, health and fire hazards

(3) Physical and chemical properties

(4) Variables and Modifying conditions

(5) Behavior and outcomes

CHRIS

DOT Placards

NFPA Placards

HMIS Labels

Known

  • Conduct hazard assessment
  • Develop action plan
  • Continue implementation of PCP DDD

Unknown

  • Gather information in an attempt to find out what the hazardous material is. If you cannot determine what the material is, then:
  • Try to identify or characterize hazards with monitoring, hazcat, sampling/testing, etc.
  • Assume worst case scenario under present conditions
  • Develop action plan
  • Continue implementation of PCP DDD

Upper explosive limit (UEL): Highest concentration (percentage) of a gas or a vapor in air capable of producing a flash of fire in presence of an ignition source (arc, flame, heat). Concentration higher than UFL or UEL are "too rich" to burn.

Identify material:

(1) The substance or material.

Assess hazards:

(2) General, health and fire hazards

(3) Physical and chemical properties

(4) Variables and Modifying conditions

(5) Behavior and outcomes

The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor.

NIOSH

Miscibility

Flammable Range

6

2

The range of flammable vapor or gas-air mixture between the upper and lower flammable limits is known as the 'flammable range', also often referred to as the 'explosive range'.

The property of liquids to mix in all proportions, forming a homogeneous solution. In principle, the term applies also to other phases (solids and gases), but the main focus is usually on the solubility of one liquid in another.

Components of Placards

The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) requires chemical manufacturers, distributors, or importers to provide Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) (formerly known as Material Safety Data Sheets or MSDSs) to communicate the hazards of hazardous chemical products. As of June 1, 2015, the HCS will require new SDSs to be in a uniform format, and include the section numbers, the headings, and associated information under the headings below:

Section 1, Identification includes product identifier; manufacturer or distributor name, address, phone number; emergency phone number; recommended use; restrictions on use.

Section 2, Hazard(s) identification includes all hazards regarding the chemical; required label elements.

Section 3, Composition/information on ingredients includes information on chemical ingredients; trade secret claims.

Section 4, First-aid measures includes important symptoms/effects, acute, delayed; required treatment.

Section 5, Fire-fighting measures lists suitable extinguishing techniques, equipment; chemical hazards from fire.

Section 6, Accidental release measures lists emergency procedures; protective equipment; proper methods of containment and cleanup.

Section 7, Handling and storage lists precautions for safe handling and storage, including incompatibilities.

Section 8, Exposure controls/personal protection lists OSHA’s Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs); ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLVs); and any other exposure limit used or recommended by the chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer preparing the SDS where available as well as appropriate engineering controls; personal protective equipment (PPE).

Section 9, Physical and chemical properties lists the chemical's characteristics.

Section 10, Stability and reactivity lists chemical stability and possibility of hazardous reactions.

Section 11, Toxicological information includes routes of exposure; related symptoms, acute and chronic effects; numerical measures of toxicity.

Section 12, Ecological information*

Section 13, Disposal considerations*

Section 14, Transport information*

Section 15, Regulatory information*

Section 16, Other information, includes the date of preparation or last revision.

Explosives

Locations of Shipping Papers

Specific Gravity

Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides

Flammable Range

Truck: Bill of Lading (In cab)

Specific gravity (relative density) is the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density (mass of the same unit volume) of a reference substance (water).

Day 2

  • Command
  • Action Planning
  • Protective Actions
  • Contain/ Control (Countermeasures)
  • PPE
  • Decon Disposal
  • Documentation
  • WMD / Terrorism
  • Radiological (?)

Haz Mat FRO Pre-Test

Specific Gravity

Haz Mat FRO Pre-Test

10) The First Operational Thought on a HazMat incident is:

6) What is an HMMP and what are 2 critical components of one?

8) Every HazMat event requires which 2 ICS positions to be filled?

9) The Incident Command Post (ICP) should generally be set up?

7) Access to a Haz Mat scene can be restricted to all but whom according to Penal Code Section 409.5?

1) A _______ is a substance that yields oxygen to support combustion under the DOT system

2) The NFPA 704 system gives you an idea of the general hazards of materials at:

3) How many sources should you use when identifying chemicals and their hazards?

4) What protection level uses a chemical protection splash suit with an SCBA outside of the suit?

5) Haz Mat First Responders trained to the Operational level may take what types of actions

A . A transportation incident

B. Superfund Sites

C. A fixed facility

A. Isolate

B. Notifications

C. Documentation

D. Safety

A. Members of the news media

B. Property Owners

C. Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) members

D. On and Off duty Firefighters

A. Uphill, Upwind, Upstream

B. Downhill, Downwind, Downstream

C. To minimize the distance that the entry team has to travel to enter the exclusion zone

D. Wherever it is convenient

A. Corrosive, Hazard Class 3

B. Oxidizer, Hazard Class 5

C. Inhalation Hazard, Hazard Class 6

D. Compressed Gas, Hazard Class 2

A. Level A

B. Level B

C. Level C

D. Level D

A. Hazardous Materials Minimization Program; Recycling plans and vendor contacts

B. Hazardous Materials Management Plan; Site Map and Chemical inventory

C. Hazardous Materials Marketing Plan; List of customers and chemical inventory

D. Hazardous Materials Business Plan; Site Map and Emergency Response Procedures

A. ERG only

B. 2 maximum

C. 1, keep it simple

D. 3 minimum

A. None

B. Evacuations

C. Offensive Actions

D. Defensive Actions

A. HazMat Group Supervisor and Decon Team Leader

B. IC and Rescue Group Supervisor

C. Safety Officer and HazMat Assistant Safety Officer

D. IC and Safety Officer

Flash Point

Name

Substance Specific Gravity

Day 1

  • Intros
  • Pre-Test
  • Overview
  • Safety
  • Isolate
  • Notify
  • ID/ Hazard Assessment
  • SDS/ Table Top Exercise
  • Tools of the Trade/ HazMat Monitors

Alcohol 0.82

Mercury 13.95

Gasoline 0.72

Water (4oC) 1.00

Sea water 1.02

Malathion 95% 1.23

ID Number

5

1

The flash point of a volatile material is the lowest temperature at which it can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air. Measuring a flash point requires an ignition source. At the flash point, the vapor may cease to burn when the source of ignition is removed

Haz Mat FRO Pre-Test

10) The First Operational Thought on a HazMat incident is:

8) Every HazMat event requires which 2 ICS positions to be filled?

9) The Incident Command Post (ICP) should generally be set up?

6) What is an HMMP and what are 2 critical components of one?

7) Access to a Haz Mat scene can be restricted to all but whom according to Penal Code Section 409.5?

2) The NFPA 704 system gives you an idea of the general hazards of materials at:

3) How many sources should you use when identifying chemicals and their hazards?

4) What protection level uses a chemical protection splash suit with an SCBA outside of the suit?

5) Haz Mat First Responders trained to the Operational level may take what types of actions

1) A _______ is a substance that yields oxygen to support combustion under the DOT system

A. Isolate

B. Notifications

C. Documentation

D. Safety

A . A transportation incident

B. Superfund Sites

C. A fixed facility

A. Members of the news media

B. Property Owners

C. Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) members

D. On and Off duty Firefighters

A. Uphill, Upwind, Upstream

B. Downhill, Downwind, Downstream

C. To minimize the distance that the entry team has to travel to enter the exclusion zone

D. Wherever it is convenient

A. Hazardous Materials Minimization Program; Recycling plans and vendor contacts

B. Hazardous Materials Management Plan; Site Map and Chemical inventory

C. Hazardous Materials Marketing Plan; List of customers and chemical inventory

D. Hazardous Materials Business Plan; Site Map and Emergency Response Procedures

A. Corrosive, Hazard Class 3

B. Oxidizer, Hazard Class 5

C. Inhalation Hazard, Hazard Class 6

D. Compressed Gas, Hazard Class 2

A. ERG only

B. 2 maximum

C. 1, keep it simple

D .3 minimum

A . Level A

B. Level B

C. Level C

D. Level D

A. None

B. Evacuations

C. Offensive Actions

D. Defensive Actions

A. HazMat Group Supervisor and Decon Team Leader

B. IC and Rescue Group Supervisor

C. Safety Officer and HazMat Assistant Safety Officer

D. IC and Safety Officer

Locations of Shipping Papers

Electrical Conductivity

Air: Air Bill (In cockpit)

Safety

Isolate

Notify

Command

ID/Hazard Assessment

Action Planning

Protective Actions

Contain/ Control

PPE

Decon

Disposal

Documentation

Fire Point

Measures a material's ability to conduct an electric current.

The fire point of a fuel is the temperature at which it will continue to burn for at least 5 seconds after ignition by an open flame. Most tables of material properties will only list material flash points, but in general the fire points can be assumed to be about 10 °C higher than the flash points.

Vapor Density

Auto Ignition Temperature

Weight of a unit volume of gas or vapor compared to (divided by) the weight of an equal volume of air. Substances lighter than air (such as acetylene, methane, oxygen) are said to have vapor densities less than 1.0 and substances heavier than air (such as butane, chlorine, ethane) are said to have vapor densities higher than 1.0.

The lowest temperature at which it will spontaneously ignite in a normal atmosphere without an external source of ignition, such as a flame or spark. This temperature is required to supply the activation energy needed for combustion.

Locations of Shipping Papers

Rail: Waybill & Consist (With crew)

Vapor Density

Lighter than Air Gases - Old Acronym

Heat Output/ Heat of Combustion

H - Hydrogen

A - Ammonia

H - Helium

A - Acetylene

M - Methane

I - Illuminating gases (old term for natural gas)

C - Carbon Monoxide

E - Ethylene

Vapor Density

Lighter than Air Gases - New Acronym

Locations of Shipping Papers

pH / Corrosivity

H - Hydrogen

H - Helium

H - Hydrogen Cyanide

H - Hydrogen Fluoride

M - Methane

E - Ethylene

D - Diborane

I - Illuminating Gases

C - Carbon Monoxide

A - Acetylene

N - Neon

N - Nitrogen

A - Ammonia

Vessel: Dangerous Cargo Manifest (On bridge)

In chemistry, pH is a measure of the activity of the (solvated) hydrogen ion.

Pure water has a pH very close to 7 at 25°C. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline.

Vapor Pressure

OSHA Hazwoper Regulation

Vehicle Code Section 2454

Title 8 California Code of Regs §5192

  • California Regulation
  • Identical to fed reg
  • Applies to both private and public sector employees

Provides:

  • Training requirements
  • General response requirements
  • It’s the foundation for this course
  • More on this later…

Mandates IC authority on highways

More on this later…

pH / Corrosivity

Health & Safety Code Ch 6.95

Penal Code Section 409.5

Community right to know program

  • Requires submission of business plans (Hazardous Material Management Plans or Hazardous Materials Business Plans
  • HMMPs/ HMBPs must be give to emergency responders

Allows peace officers to close disaster scene

Can’t keep press out, unless:

Private property

Crime scene

Interfering w/operations

The pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (solid or liquid) at a given temperature in a closed system. The equilibrium vapor pressure is an indication of a liquid's evaporation rate. It relates to the tendency of particles to escape from the liquid (or a solid). A substance with a high vapor pressure at normal temperatures is often referred to as volatile.

Shipping Papers

Should include info about products

But they may not always be accurate or complete

Atmospheric Pressure

The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure and is defined as being equal to 101.325 kPa.[1] The following units are equivalent, but only to the number of decimal places displayed: 760 mmHg (torr), 29.92 inHg, 14.696 psi, 1013.25 millibars or hectopascals.

Know Your…

Incident

Commander

Immunities

CERCLA & SARA

OSHA Hazwoper Regulation

Community right to know program

Federal version

Required OSHA to develop Hazwoper regulation

Health & Safety Code 25400

Gov’t employees have limited immunity from lawsuits

Government Code 8657

Volunteers have same immunity

29 CFR 1910.120

Identical to state reg

NFPA - Standards

  • Level
  • Role
  • Responsibility
  • Limits

49 CFR Regulations

14 CFR 91.137

Allows flight restrictions over scene

Allows press to have access to restricted area

  • NFPA 472, Standard for Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents
  • NFPA 473, Standard for Competencies for EMS Personnel Responding to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents

Regulates transportation of hazmat

Requires placards, labels, shipping papers, etc.

Vapor Pressure

The following table is a list of a variety of substances ordered by increasing vapor pressure.

Work within these parameters

Substance Vapor Pressure (SI units) VP (millibars); VP (mmHg); Temperature

Tungsten 100 Pa 1 0.75 3203 °C

Ethylene glycol 500 Pa 5 3.75 20 °C

Xenon difluoride 600 Pa 6 4.50 25 °C

Water (H2O) 2.3 kPa 23 17.5 20 ° C Ethanol 5.83 kPa 58.3 43.7 20 °C

Freon 113 37.9 kPa 379 284 20 °C

Butane 220 kPa 2,200 1650 20 °C

Formaldehyde 435.7 kPa 4,357 3268 20 °C

Propane 1.013 MPa 10,133 7600 25.6 °C

Carbon dioxide 5.7 MPa 57,000 42753 20 °C

Hazmat Laws & Regs

Vapor Pressure

Volatility

In chemistry and physics, volatility is the tendency of a substance to vaporize. Volatility is directly related to a substance's vapor pressure. At a given temperature, a substance with higher vapor pressure vaporizes more readily than a substance with a lower vapor pressure.

Both Levels Have Limits

First Responder Operations

Legal Liability

Liability Defenses

OSHA Definition

One who responds to Haz Mat release

As part of the initial response

In a defensive fashion

Doesn’t try to actually stop the release

Contains release from a safe distance

Equipment

  • Lack PPE

Training

  • Not trained to stop release

OSHA Hazwoper Regulation

Follow employer’s requirements

Follow recognized good practice

DOT ERG

You can be held liable

Government employees have qualified immunities

29 CFR 1910.120

Federal Regulation

Title 8 California Code of Regs §5192

California Regulation

Hazwoper Requires Employers To

Hazwoper Regulates

Hazmat Technicians

Hazmat Specialists

  • Hazardous waste site cleanup
  • Treatment, storage & disposal facilities
  • Emergency response to hazmat releases

Plan for response and cleanup

Train employees

Follow basic response requirements

  • Respond with & support technicians
  • Require a more directed or specific knowledge of various substances
  • Also act as the site liaison with federal, state & local government
  • Respond to stop the release

  • Assume a more aggressive role than a first responder

Five Step IDHA Process

Identify material:

(1) The substance or material.

Assess hazards:

(2) General, health and fire hazards

(3) Physical and chemical properties

(4) Variables and Modifying conditions

(5) Behavior and outcomes

Selected State Hazardous Materials Courses

HAZWOPER

Waste

Sites (e)

TSDF

(p)

Emergency

Response

Site

Worker

Worker

FRA

Super-

visor

FRO

First Responder Awareness

First Responder’s Role

Primary First Responder role

Safely and competently respond

Within appropriate

  • level
  • resources
  • and capabilities

OSHA definition

Likely to witness/discover a release

Can initiate notifying authorities

Take no further actions

Where to Locate the Command Post

Incident Command System

IC

Establish CP Upwind, Uphill, Upstream at a safe distance

Be Prepared to re-locate if wind or circumstances change

Establish “Staging Area” as safe haven

Locate Staging…

Upwind, uphill, upstream

Within a three minute availability

Finance

Logistics

Operations

Plans

Groups Within Operations

Haz Mat & “Who’s In Charge”

Operations

If you are first on scene, YOU are IC!

According to OSHA HAZWOPER regulations

Formally assume “Temporary Command”

Setup “Temporary Command Post”…

Where you are

Establish staging area

Manage event until designated IC arrives

Haz Mat

Rescue

Fire

Suppression

Medical

Protective

Actions

ICS Organization

ICS provides:

*One unified organization

*Clear functional elements

*Flexibility and expandability

*Unity of command

*Manageable span of control

*Effective communications & coordination

Treats Victims

Sources of FRO Plan Info

Supports Operations

Risk Versus Gain Assessment

ERG Guide pages

MSDS recommendations

Employer guidelines

FROs must:

Understand & prioritize goals

Mentally conduct Risk vs. Gain assessment

Coordinate with all responders

Before taking any tactical action!

ICS Haz Mat Organization

Government Owned/Operated Property

  • Hazardous Materials Group Positions
  • Assistant Safety Officer (Reports to Safety Officer)
  • Haz Mat Group Supervisor
  • Site Access Control Leader
  • Safe Refuge Area Manager
  • Decon Leader
  • Entry Leader
  • Technical Reference Leader

Agencies involved may be the designated Incident Commander

Military vessels and facilities

State buildings

State universities

State mental health institutions

Correctional institutions

Risk Versus Gain Concept

Driven by safety,

Tempered by common sense,

Take action only if Gains outweigh Risks!

FRO Role

Won’t develop written plans (usually)

Should have response objectives

Should plan before acting

Command

Groups FRO May Fit Into

Dept. of Fish and Game

Responsible for hazmat incidents on

“Marine waters”

“State Waters”

Hazmat

Decon

Rescue

Fire Suppression

Medical

Protective Actions

Defensive Containment

Security

Know where you fit!

Information Flow and the CP

Dept. of Fish and Game

Haz Mat & “Who’s In Charge”

Responsible for hazmat incidents on

“Marine waters”

“State Waters”

Have a Plan, Know the Plan!

Communicate with IC when:

1 -Mission is accomplished

2 - You need more resources

3 -There is a significant event

4 - To give a situation report/update

In plain English!

  • OSHA requires an “IC”
  • CVC 2454 designates “IC Authority”
  • On-Highway/Road Haz Mat event — law enforcement agency with primary traffic investigative authority
  • CVC 2454 doesn’t apply Off Highway!
  • When HM-2 requested for Mutual Aid, we do not assume IC.

5 Step Risk vs. Gain Process

It’s the law (OSHA regs)

29 CFR 1910.120(q)(6)

Title 8 CCR 5192(q)(6)

Responders must have an incident action plan for hazardous materials incidents, and know their

Roles

Responsibilities

Scene management system

Standard operating procedures

(1) Identify gains to life, environment and property

(2) Identify risks to life, environment and property

(3) Assess level, resources and capabilities of responders

(4) Assess overall safety

(5) Assess overall viability of action

Incident Command System

Agency Coordination & Hazmat

Other Local Agencies

Key Response Agencies

The required command system, per:

29 CFR 1910.120 (q) - OSHA

Title 8 CCR 5192

CGC 8607

All say you must use ICS at a hazardous materials incident!

  • Fire services
  • Law enforcement agencies
  • Emergency medical services
  • Environmental Health agencies
  • Public Works Departments
  • Responsible Party
  • County/City OES
  • County Agriculture
  • Air Pollution Control Districts
  • Parks and Rec
  • Port Authority
  • Local agencies are first line of defense for Haz Mat incidents

Components of action plans

ID the problem

ID resources available

Use available resources to solve problem

Action Plans

Ex: Rescue in Exclusion Zone

Regs require two plans

Incident Action Plan - ICS 201

Site Safety Plan - ICS 208

Pro: Rescue and save lives

Cons: Risk to responders

Dilemma: Rescue/not rescue

Consider acceptable risk

ICS for HazMat

Ex: BLEVE

BLEVE = Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion

Know BLEVE signs, consequences.

BLEVE potential demands Risk vs. Gain assessment before action!

Video Library

Toluene Tank

Body Recovery

Worried Man

Ammonia Leak

Chemical Warfare

HazMat Suits

Cold Blooded

Civil Defense Film

Learn more about creating dynamic, engaging presentations with Prezi