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The Self-Strengthening Movement In China
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The Self-Strengthening Movement In China
By: Scott Cobb
What Lead to the Self-Strengthening Movement?
Foochow arsenal in Mawei
• Qing Dynasty attempted to re consolidate its power and control following the Opium Wars and Taiping Rebellion
The main goal of the Self-Strengthening Movement was the construction of military arsenals and of shipbuilding dockyards to strengthen the Chinese navy
imperial officials realized that the Qing Government would be overthrown soon and they would no longer reign the country
Gun Transportation in Shanghai
Tongzhi Restoration
• one of the most important outcomes of the Self-Strengthening Movement
• Named after the Tongzhi Emperor
• strengthening of the old order as well as new policies aimed at the issues surrounding rebellions and imperialism.
• The restoration ultimately failed due to failure to address the conflict of tradition and modernity within China, and proved incapable of reversing the decline of the Qing.
What Is The Self Strengthening Movement???
The Three Phases
First Phase from 1861 to 1872
- emphasized the adoption of Western firearms, machines, scientific knowledge and training of technical and diplomatic personnel through the establishment of a diplomatic office and a college.
Second phase (1872-1885)
- commerce, industry, and agriculture received increasing attention.
Third Phase (1885-1895)
- The attention to reforms has slowed down to a crawl
-New types of enterprises
• joint gov. & merchant enterprise
- control of enterprises was left in hands of gov't
• 1861-1895
• a period of reforms initiated during the late Qing Dynasty
• following a series of military defeats and concessions (acknowledging defeat) to foreign powers
BASICALLY AN ATTEMPT TO RESTORE VALUES