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Conclusion:

Does hope lead to success??

We see that hope does lead to ultimate success in academics, athletics, and everyday life. If people tie on their bootstraps and set goals and have the "I can do it" attitude they can achieve bigger and greater things. Hope is the desire for particular thing to happen. Hope involves the will to get there, and finding different ways to get there.

Measuring Individual Differences

It is beneficial to develop and validate an individual differences scale.

Snyder developed three hope measurements:

State Hope Scale

The Dark Side

Trait Hope Scale

Children's Hope Scale

  • They simplify tests of the theory
  • They make the theory more cooperative to research
  • Allow for measurement applications to various settings

Loss of Hope in Children

Loss of Hope in Adults

  • Occurs when...
  • Adults lose a loved one (spouse, parent, child)
  • Lose connection = lose hope
  • Loss of a job
  • Traumatic Events that deprive people of pursuing life goals

Occurs when...

  • Newborns that don't receive enough care or attention.
  • Loss of parent or divorce
  • Unsupportive Environment
  • Support reflects love and respect
  • When a child doesn't get enough motivation in school/at home which is required to build hope to attain goals.

Research and the Real World

People with high levels of hope fare better in at least 5 major realms of life

Physical Health

Athletics

Working Together

Psychotherapy

  • Full High Hope Person (HIGH Path HIGH Agency)
  • Fluid and fast throughout goal pursuit
  • Full Low Hope Peron (LOW Path LOW Agency)
  • Halting and Slow
  • High Pathways and Low Agency
  • Active routing thoughts but aren't energized by necessary motivational thinking
  • Low Pathways and High Agency
  • Active motivation without necessary parthways thoughts

Academics

Hope, Barriers, and Emotions

But, when pathways and agency work together....

Psychological Adjustment

Society?

Is Hope Just an Emotion?

  • Involves thinking processes
  • Emotions reflect our current level of hope
  • Goal-directed thinking, not enduring emotion, drive subsequent goal-related performances
  • Barriers: problems that hinder one's goal seeking
  • Can be deflating and temporarily lessen a person's agency
  • All people rebound from problems exposure but people with high hope bounce back faster

The 4 basic divisions

The Thinking Process

  • One's perceptions about the (un)success of personal goals influence our emotions
  • Emotions reflect responses to perceptions about how one is doing in goal pursuit
  • Positive Emotions :)
  • Unimpeded Progress
  • Effectively overcome problems
  • Negative Emotions :(
  • Insufficient agent and pathway thinking
  • Inability to overcome obstacles

Goals: the cognitive anchor of The Hope Theory. People think in terms of goals.

  • Can be visual or verbal
  • Long term & Short term
  • Specific & Vague

2 Types of Goals

  • Positive, approach
  • Negative, avoidance

What is it?

AGENCY THOUGHTS:

Develop-mental Lessons of Self as author of Causal Chains of Events

PATHWAYS THOUGHTS:

Develop-mental Lessons of Correlation/Causality

OUTCOME

VALUE

AGENCY

THOUGHTS

PATHWAY THOUGHTS

<<<EMOTIONS>>>

GOAL BEHAVIOR:

attainment/

non-attainment

<<<EMOTIONS>>>

“A positive motivational state that is based on an interactively derived sense of success (a) agency (goal-directed energy) and (b) pathways (planning to meet goals)” .

Higher hope is related to better outcomes!

Ways of Thinking

  • Pathways Thinking: refer to the routes we take to achieve our desired goals and the individual’s perceived ability to produce these routes
  • Agency Thinking: refer to the motivation we have to undertake the routes towards our goals.

Hopeful thinking requires

both ways of thinking

Reference:

Snyder, C.R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249-275.

The Hope Theory: Rainbows in the mind

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