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How "Red Tide" Impacts Our Evirnonment

What is "Red Tide" ?

  • Dinoflagellate
  • Bioluminescence
  • Photoplankton
  • Lives in the upper layer of the ocean
  • Causes harmful algal blooms that release toxins poisonous to humans

Resting cyst lies dormant on the ocean floor buried in sediment. The cyst could stay in this state for weeks, months or years.

These cysts are activated by coastal water pollution caused by humans

Large scale climatic oscillations- such as El Niño

The microorganism returns to the form of a cyst. The cyst falls to the ocean floor ready to germinate and repeat the life cycle when conditions are optimal.

This is a realatively short life cycle- about a week. But, the effects last much longer

How Red Tide Infect Our Waters

Warm temperatures and increased light causes the cyst to germinate. The cysts breaks open, the cell reproduces by cell divison. Usually asexually.

Due to their high numbers of offspring, dinoflagellates can

cause widespread outbreaks of Red Tide spanning over hundreds of miles of ocean waters

They release a toxin that shellfish ingest.

If conditions remain optimal, the cell will divide reproducing exponentially. A single cell could produce 6,000 to 8,000 cell in one week.

The organism "blooms" near the surface of the water, giving the water a red tint. At the height of the bloom, 20 million cells can be present per liter of ocean water.

Did You Know???

Progression of PSP

Early symptoms of PSP

  • Numbness or tingling in the arms, legs, and face
  • Headaches
  • Dizziness
  • Nausea
  • Symptoms of PSP can be felt as early as 15 minutes after consuming toxic shellfish

Estimated 495 million pounds a year

If not treated quickly for PSP, the disease will move quickly and the health of the indivdual declines rapidly

"Red Tide"

  • It is vital to treat symptoms of PSP as early as possible

Paralytic Shellfish Posioning

Disease caused by eating contaminated shellfish

In 2011, oyster sold in Virginia was up 38%- 23 million

Including: mussels, clams, oysters, shrimp, crabs or lobster. The shellfish do not experience illness or death. Shellfish are "filter feeders" - as they feed on the photoplankton, the toxin passes through the body of the shellfish and the toxin is absorb into the shellfish

Did You Know??

Red Tide

Commercial fishing industry is one of the oldest industries in the United States

Final stages of PSP

Advanced PSP

Economic

Fishermen bring in dockside value of 192 million annually

Community

Individuals, families

Loss of income

Virginia is the third largest producer of seafood products nationwide

  • Muscle paralysis
  • Respiratory failure
  • Death will happen at this stage

suffer hardships

Loss of tourism

  • Muscular incoordinaion
  • Sensation that you're floating

Health scare

Prevention of PSP

Local businesses

Pay strict attention to warnings against eating shellfish

Saxitoxins are deadly and attack the body quickly. Blocks voltage-gated channels on the body's cellular level.

If there is doubt that shellfish may be contaminated by marine toxins contact agencies that track shellfish contamination

Political

Hampton Roads is the 7th wealthest seafood port in the nation

More Environmental

Factors

Loss of planned revenue

Over time fish and other marine could die

State agencies suffer budget cuts

People could suffer from respiratory problems if they go swimming

Harm ecosystems over time

Virginia exports seafood to 21 countries around the world

References:

Virginia has the largest production on the East Coast

http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/11/4/991

http://siobiolum.ucsd.edu/dino_intro.html

http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/marinetoxins_g.htm

https://scripps.ucsd.edu/

http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/r/red_tide.htm

Sociological Impact

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