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Animal Cells

  • Eukaryotic Cell
  • Cell wall is absent
  • Irregular shape
  • Chloroplasts are only present in plant cells
  • Plasma Membrane- Only cell membrane
  • Cilia is present
  • Organelles are present (Shown in picture below)

Mitosis

Plant Cells

Cell School

Protein destroys migrating cancer cells on contact

  • Eukaryotic cell
  • Rectangular Packed together like a brick wall
  • Centrioles are only present in animal cells
  • Plasma membrane- Cell wall And cell membrane
  • Membrane bound organelles are present (shown in picture below)

1. INTERPHASE- longest phase of the cell cycle, known as the "resting phase", and the cell does not divide, and it's the peroid of cell growth and metabolism. The DNA replicates or duplicates in this phase.

2. PROPHASE- First phase of mitosis! Chromosomes become visible in the center of cell and the centrioles separate and begin forming a spindle fiber apparatus.

3. Metephase- Centrioles are opposite poles, replicated chromosomes line up at equator & spindle fibers attach to centromeres that hold chromatids together.

4.Anaphase- Pulls apart! Shortest phase of Mitosis! The spindle fibers shorten and pull chromatides to opposite poles.

5. Telophase- Chromosomes reach opposite poles of cell, reversal of many prophase events occurs, chromosomes uncoil & decondense to become threadlike chromatin & a nuclear enelope forms around chromosomes. Plus Cytokinesis occurs.

6. Cytokinesis- cytoplasmic division! Acleavage furrow forms as cell membrane pinches inward.

Metastasis is where cancer cells from a first tumor detach and spread to other parts of the body. Methods like surgey and radiation are effective for treating a tumor in one ppart of th thebody but once it detaches and spreads, there is less chance of treating it. A new study suggests to not only find the cancer cells but kill it too. Two proteins, and adhesive called E-selectin, and TRAIL(Tumor Necrosis Factor Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand - a protein that triggers suicide in tumor cells). Scientists tested this protein in two environments. One in saline. its success rte was 60%. The second environment, a model of flowing blood that has forces, mixing and other conditions similar to the human body. The success rate went up to 100%. This is just another discovery, an extra step towards curing cancer.

  • School Entrances- Plasma Membrane(Regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
  • Main Office- Nucleus(Controls all cell activity; determines what proteins will be made)
  • Halls of the school- Cytoplasm(Contains the organelles; site of most cell activity)
  • Kitchen of the School- Ribosomes (builds the proteins)
  • Lunch Line-Golgi Apparatus(Prepares Proteins for use of export)
  • Maintenance crew/Custodians-Lysosomes(Responsible for breaking down and absorbing materials taken in by the cell
  • Walls, Cellings, Floors- Cytoskeleton(maintains Shape)
  • Boiler Room- Mitochondria/Chloroplasts(Transforms one form of energy into another)

Nanofiber 'monorails' ferry brain tumors to their death

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/270838.php

Glioblastoma is the deadliest form of brain cancer that spreads to other parts of the brain by following nerve fibers and blood vessels. Scientists have now discovered a way to intercept this mobile feature and lead the malignant cells using nano fiber monorails somewhere else to be killed.

Centrioles

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/272785.php

A self-replicating, small, fibrous, cylindrical-shaped organelle, typically located in the cytoplasm near the nucleus in cells of most animals. It is involved in the process of nuclear division.

Eukaryotic Cells

  • Complicated
  • Nucleus is present
  • Usually Multicellular
  • Membrane Bound organelles are present
  • Examples are Animals and Plants.

Prokaryotic Cells

  • Primitive
  • One Chromosome
  • Usually unicellular (some cynobacteria may be multicellular)
  • Membrane bound organelles are absent
  • Examples are Bacteria and Archea

Rough ER

A part of the Endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with Ribosomes

Plant Cell

Cell

Cell Book Project

Animal Cell

Cell

Smooth ER

A part of the Endoplasmic Reticulum that is tubular and lacks Ribosomes. Its functions include lipid synthesis, Carbohydrate metabolism, calcium concentration, drug detoxification, and attachment of receptors on cell membrane proteins.

Golgi Apparatus

Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Lysosomes

Organelle containing acid hydrolase enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Basic parts of a cell

Chloroplast

Basic Parts of a Cell

  • Nucleus: A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction.
  • Cell Membrane: Thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
  • Cytoplasm: Jelly-like fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended; aids in cell movement and shape.
  • Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell, converts nutrients into energy.
  • Vacuole: Regulates amount of pressure in cell, Stores nutrients, waste products and water.

Cell

Converts energy from the sun into chemical energy through photsynthesis. Chloroplast can only be found in plant cells.

Cell Theory

The Cell Theory States that:

  • All living things are composed of cells.
  • Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
  • Cells are born from other cells.

Cell Membrane

  • Cell Membrane: Thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm: Jelly-like fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended; aids in cell movement and shape.

Mitochondria

Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell, converts nutrients into energy.

Nucleus

  • Nucleus: A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction.

Ribosomes

Found on rough ER and throughout cytoplasm; synthesizes proteins

Vacuole

Vaculole regulates amount of pressure in the cell, stores nutrients, waste products and water with out it the cell would dry out. Plant Vacuoles are bigger than Animal Vacuoles.

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