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Human Factors: slopes can be made unstable by actions of man. With the weight of water (either in form of rain or snow) could be enough to trigger mass wasting. Logging has been largely responsible for mass wasting. Clear cutting removes all the trees from the area once full of trees and leaves behind a mountain slope with little vegetation which is vital in preventing mass wasting.
However, there are ways to stabilize slopes and prevent mass wasting from occurring often: developing building codes to limit steepness of slopes, improving drainage systems, building snow sheds where avalanches are to take place, etc.
Natural Factors: vegetation is very important in stabilizing slopes and controlling mass wasting. The roots of smaller plants and trees aid in anchoring the soil to hold in place even on a steep slope.
Changes the chemical composition of minerals that make up of the rock.
Three types of chemical weathering: solution, oxidation, and hydrolysis.
Involves the building up land surface by rock material deposition.
Deposition: occurs when the transporting agent is slowed by a drop in energy, causing it to deposit some of its rock material.
A type of chemical of weathering where ions of water replace ions of minerals (silicates) to produce mineral and soluble mixed compounds.
They dissolve and carry away leaving weathered clay known as kaolinite.
Only changes physical appearance of rock, involves disintegration or fragmentation of rocks into smaller particles without changing composition of minerals that make up of the rock.
Three types of physical weathering: frost shattering, thermal expansion, and exfoliation.
A form of chemical weathering where oxygen changes iron with water to form a reddish brown colored mineral called iron oxide.
As iron oxide forms, it expands and causes the rock to crumble and fall apart.
A form of chemical weathering where falling rain droplets absorb carbon dioxide as they pass through the atmosphere and creates weak solutions of carbonic acid which can dissolve rocks like limestone.
A type of physical weathering that occurs when thin layers of rocks peel off due the pressure of the weight of the overlaying layers. When the rock is exposed and no more confining pressure is present, the rock breaks apart.
A type of physical weathering that normally happens in mid latitude deserts as there is large fluctuations in temperature.
The heating and cooling in the desert can cause continuous expanding and contracting, which eventually causes the rock to break apart.
Crystals also can form in the pores and fissures of rocks as a result of water evaporation in the desert which can expand and cause rock fragments to break off.
A type of physical weathering where water enters joints and cracks of rocks and freezes over time, causing the cracks of the rock to expand and to eventually break apart. Roots of plants can do the similar action.
Erosion: Removal and moment of rock and associated organic matter, animals can expose material to erosion by burrowing
Transportation: carries rock material out by running water, ice, wind, or wave action
Is defined as "...the process of disintegration or decomposition of rocks" and reduces solid rocks to smaller particles.
Two types of weathering: physical/mechanical weathering and chemical weathering.
Defined as "...the wearing down of the land by the erosive action of water, wind, or ice."
Includes the processes of weathering, erosion, and transportation.
This picture shows regional denduation in Rio De Janero.
Denudation or leveling, are processes that are constantly at work to lower the earth's surface to the lowest level (which a land surface can eroded, sea level is the ultimate base level)
Uplift: vertical elevation that is powered by energy from below
Denudation: vertical elevation that is powered largely by energy from above