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Observing Skills
Collaborative
Walkthroughs
Detached Open Ended Narrative
Participant Open-Ended Observation
Focused Questionnaire Observation
Educational Criticism
Ways of Describing
Quantitative Observations
&
Qualitative Observations
Quantitative Observations
Formative Observation
A formative observation instrument used to describe what is occurring in a classroom (consistent with what teacher and supervisor agreed to focus on and later discuss) is a
means for professional growth and instructional improvement.
Summative Observation
A summative evaluation instrument, on the other hand, is an externally imposed, uniformly applied measure, intended to judge all teachers on similar criteria to determine their worthiness, merit, and competence as employees.