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Halogens are five non-metallic elements found in group 17 of the periodic table. The term "halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts". All halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shells, giving them an oxidation number of -1.

-the ink was bleached out

- bleaching property

- chlorine bleach only when combined with water forming HCl and hypochlorous acid(HClO), later forming HCl and oxygen gas

HALOGENS

- formed a yellow

coloration

Bromine

Karl Wilhelm Scheele

and Humpry David discovered chlorine

a. sodium bromide - as medical agent

b. silver bromide - used in photography

2

Br + 2NaOH NaBr + NaBrO

+ H O

2

- ethylene dibromide - a constituent of ethyl gasoline/ used in gasoline

- production of colorless solution

Antoine Jerome Balard discovered

bromine in 1826

c. hydrobromic acid - dilute solution is used in medicine for nervous disorder

d. potassium bromide - sedative

a. sodium chloride - a seasoning agent; food preservative

Chlorine

b. mercuric chloride - antiseptic; antisyphillitic

c. potassium chlorate - production of matches,

fireworks and explosives.

1. - in both solutions, blue litmus turned to red; the solution turned white

2 2 7

K Cr O + 14HCl 2KCl + 2CrCl + 7H O + 3Cl

a. chlorox - sodium hypochlorite

b. bleaching powder - calcium chlorite

3 2 3

d. calcium hypochlorite - as disinfectant for washing floors and walls in hospital and sick rooms

e. Daxin's solution - in surgery as an antiseptic agent;

for washing wounds

f. vinyl chloride - used in making polyvinyl chloride

(PVC) plastics

2 2

2MnO + 8HCl 2MnCl + 4H O + 2Cl

2 2

Physical state: liquid

Color: deep reddish brown

Odor: disagreeable odor

Density compared to water: 3 times denser than water

Physical state: gas

Color: pale yellow

Odor: pungent, excessively irritating action when breathed

Solubility in water: moderately soluble

Density compared to air: 2.5 times heavy as air

Astatine

Bernard Courtois discovered

iodine in 1811

  • hydrofluoric acid
  • sodium fluoride
  • uranium fluoride
  • chlorofluoro-carbon
  • sodium fluorosilicate
  • Hydrofluoric acid(HF) - dissolves glass, used in glass etching

2 2

  • Chlorofluorocarbon(CCl F - freon) - used as dispersing agent aerosol, spray and refrigerant.
  • Sodium Fluoride (NaF) - used in toothpaste to reduce tooth deacay
  • Uranium Fluoride(UF )

6

- used in gaseous diffusion process to provide fuel atomic power plants

Iodine

  • Sodium fluorosilicate - as germicide.

a. silver iodide - used in photography

Fluorine

Flourine was discovered by Henry Moissan in 1886

b. hydroiodic acid - a 10% solution is used medicinally to correct certain disorders such as asthma and rheumatism

e. iodophors - used as sanitizing agents in hospitals,restaurants,diaries,ect. it is known that iodophors kill three times known polio virus strains.

f. potassium idoide - used in making iodized salts.

c. sodium iodide - used in cases of goiter where the thyroid gland is deficient in its secretion of iodine.

d. iodoform - used in antiseptic and disinfectant

  • Physical state: solid
  • Color: grayish black
  • Odor: irritating odor
  • Physical state: gas
  • Color: pale yellow
  • Odor: has penetrating and disagreeable odor
  • Solubility in water: slightly soluble
  • Density compared to air: 1.3 times heavy as air

- iodine is soluble in ethyl alcohol

- used as antiseptic for cuts and wounds

formation of dark blue solution

very slightly soluble in water

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