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1875
1960s
Sigmund Freud founded Psychoanalysis in the early 1890's. He believed people could be cured by making their unconscious conscious, and this would release emotions and feelings. This is supposed to help unsolved problems and repressed trauma.
Behaviorism was founded in the late 1800's by Ivan Pavlov who was studying the behavioral response in both humans and animals. He believed that there was a certain stimuli in the environment or an event that happened in the past that triggered certain behaviors.
Functionalism was founded by William James. Functionalism is the study of functions of the mind and its goals, rather than its structure. Each part of the mind is identified by what it does and what it responds to. William James formed his take on functionalism based on how the mind responds to the environment around it.
Humanistic psychology differs from the other schools of thought as it focuses on how an individual behaves based on their perspective. Humanists also study the way we make choices based on human need.
1879
1912
1950
Wilhelm Wundt was a structuralist, which is one who studies structuralism. Structuralism is the study the basic elements that make up conscious mental experience. Wundt created a method of Self-Observation called Introspection, this method was used to collect information about the mind. Wundt's study attracted many students to carry on the research.
In 1912, a group of psychologists including Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, and Kurt Koffka had disagreed with the ideas of Structuralism and Behaviorism. Gestalt Psychology is the study to see how the mind had the ability to acquire and maintain meaningful perceptions during hard times.
Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, and Leon Festinger contributed to the development of cognitive psychology. Cognitive psychology is the focus of how humans use information, and how that information influences other human behavior.
Meghan Reed & Jarred Meehan