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Transcript

Ptolemy VS Copernicus

  • Heavenly motions are uniform, eternal. circular or compounded of several circles.
  • The center of the universe is near the sun.
  • Around the Sun, in order are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Moon, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and the fixed stars.
  • The Earth has three motions: daily rotation, annual revolution, and annual titling of its axis.
  • Retrograde motion of the planets is explained by Earth's motion.
  • The distance from the Earth to the Sun is small compared to the distance to the stars.

Major Features

Copernicus's Theory

Proposed a sun-centered heliocentric, model of the solar system. The planets revolved around the sun in the same direction but at different speeds and distances from the sun. The Copernican system gave a truer picture than the older Ptolemy system.

Ptolemy's Model

The first principle in Ptolemaic model is an eccentric motion. A body traveling at uniform speed on a circular path with the Earth at its center will sweep out equal angles in equal times. But if the path's center is displaced from the Earth, the body will sweep out equal angles in unequal times, moving slowest when farthest from the Earth and fastest when nearest the Earth.

Ptolemy's Theory

He thought that the planets moved in small circles, called epicycles, as they revolved in larger circles around Earth

Ptolemy

  • He thought the Sun, Moon, planets, and Stars (heavenly bodies) must travel in a uniform motion in the most "perfect" path possible, a circle. But they don't.
  • Ptolemy believed that the heavenly bodies circular motion was caused by them being attached to unseen revolving solid spheres.

Ptolemy's Model

Copernicus's Model

Copernicus put the Sun in the center of the celestrial spheres, but he didn't put it at the exact center of the universe. he thought the Earth is another planet revolving around the Sun once a year and turning on its axis once a day.

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