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Why do leaders fail us?
Cognitive
Volitional
Confusion as to what is moral behavior and what is not.
Primary Colors
Morality competes with self-interest.
1998
Training Day
Behaving morally depends on whether
leaders expect that immoral behavior
will be found out.
2001
What types of actions are morally acceptable
OR
Whether certain moral standards apply to them
Leadership does not change the way
leaders think about morality.
Consequences
If it is volitional:
Complacency = act on temptations based
on privileged access
- Leaders should surround themselves with ethical teammates and managers.
- Stronger checks will deter immoral behavior.
The Wolf of Wall Street
Unrestrained control of resources = inflated belief that he can conceal his actions
If it is cognitive:
2013
- The task to convince them of bad behavior is almost impossible because they do not think they are doing anything wrong.
Justification
Excuse
Individuals who engage in inappropriate behavior that was in fact appropriate under the circumstances.
Individuals who engage in inappropriate behavior due to circumstances out of their control are not held accountable .
Ethical Failures
Senator Strom Thurmond
What is required of leaders ≠
what is required of others
"We stand for the segregation of the races and the racial integrity of each race.“
"All the laws of Washington and all the bayonets of the Army cannot force the Negro into our homes, our schools,
our churches.“
Ethical failure occurs when leaders pay no attention to whether or not their behavior
is within the scope of a moral requirement that applies to the rest of us.
Morality and Self-Interest
Are we inherently self-interested?
"I want to say this about my state:
When Strom Thurmond ran for president, we voted for him.
We're proud of it. And if the rest of the country had followed our lead, we wouldn't have had all these problems over all these years, either,“
- Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott
We behave immorally because we are moved
to do something other than what morality requires.
Are leaders bound by the requirements of morality?
THEM