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Transcript

The Green Revolution

Introduction

Agenda

Mexico

Concerns

Benefits of

The Green Revolution

Dr. Norman Borlaug

The Green Revolution began in 1945 when an agricultural research station was established in Mexico to develop more productive varieties of wheat to cater to the needs of the rapidly growing population.

- Costly methods of production which involves chemical fertilizers, pesticides and irrigation which could be a disadvantage for poor farmers on small plots

- The project was of little help to people who lived in arid and semi-arid regions

- Dramatic loss of genetic diversity

- Produced a system of agriculture that is not as environmentally sustainable as traditional agriculture

- Conflict about true motive behind the Revolution (only benefits the wealthy)

- Gave countries of the developing world time to work their way through demographic transition which reduced the population pressures and food supply problems

- Grain production in India grew rapidly (1967-1968)

- Rice production in Asia grew rapidly (1966-1997)

- Overall food production worldwide increased 20% more quickly than the population

- Prices for rice and wheat decreased (everyone could afford to have a decent diet)

- Efforts in Mexico were successful

- Increase in production of wheat which led to Mexico becoming an exporter of wheat

The success of the wheat project in Mexico influenced:

1) The effort to develop high-yield varieties of rice at the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines

2) 16 other research institutes operating under the Consultative Group on International Agriculture to specialize in some aspect of food production in the developing world

- Introduction

- The father of the Green Revolution

- Mexico

- Benefits of the Green Revolution

- Concerns

- Impacts on Food Security & the

Environment

- Future Implications

- Political Cartoon

- Kahoot Quiz!

- Head of the research project

- He wanted to produce high-yield varieties of wheat that could be used to increase food production throughout the developing world

- He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his efforts.

It was believed that the selective breeding methods that improved agricultural productivity in the developed world could be just as successful in the developing world.

Impacts on Food Security

Impacts on Food Security (Continued..)

Latest Impact

Future Implications

Green Revolution and the Environment

-There are assumptions that a Green Revolution could be possible for African agriculture

-The green revolution came to a stop in the late 1960's in India

-Rapidly growing population and limited availability of land= more famines

Political Cartoon

The Message of the Political Cartoon

-The green revolution was able to introduce high-yield crop varieties and applications of modern agricultural techniques, which led to an increase in food production

-A new farming system, 'Organic Green Revolution', could be used as an intensified farming system

- The Green Revolution created many new technologies that caused many environmental problems

- Environmental concerns have been raised because of the high usage of agrochemical-based pest and weed control in crops. This has lead to concerns for the health of the environment and humans.

- Through the use heavy usage of fertilizers, pesticides and irrigation, waterways were polluted, beneficial insects and wildlife were killed, and there has been a buildup of salt on farmlands.

- The Green Revolution also caused food insecurity; in 2009 the amount of undernourished people surpassed 1 billion people. This was caused by a dramatic increase in food prices.

-Developing countries found it difficult to move closer to food security targets. The number of undernourished people increased from 1990-1992 and in 2010

- In the span of three decades the Green Revolution increased the productivity of things such as major cereals, rice, wheat and maise.

-The amount of rice and wheat doubled; this was made possible by incorporating scientific advances in plant breeding with technology that allows the yield potential of crops to be realized

-These scientific advances also allowed for crops to be grown under conditions similar to that of a farmer in a developed country that is growing crops

-This helped to increase access to affordable nutritious food in India, Mexico, Asia, Pakistan and the Philippines.

-The Green Revolution strives to modify the environment to create optimal conditions for crops and livestock to grow; helping with food security.

- This political cartoon shows the benefits of the Green Revolution.

- It depicts a farmer giving “the world” to a child in a developing and starving country.

- The farmer is doing this by offering the child crops, such as wheat and rice.

- The Green Revolution increased crop production, which meant more food for developing countries. This cartoon shows an example of how the Green Revolution helped to increase food security globally.

-This system would be based on the use of manure produced by improved dairy cows (cross breeds of European and local cattle), which would then be deposited on the crops

-Also, the new agricultural technology has created more amounts of employment opportunities in the agricultural sector.

Kahoot Quiz!

Dr. Norman Borlaug

-This would be suitable, because it does not depend on irrigation systems and chemicals

-He proposed the high yielding of crops, with the help of chemical fertilizers and irrigation, which increased production needed to make India self-sufficient in food grains

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