John Borchert
By Caroline Fortuna
Effects
APHG Outline
- Showed transportation's involvement in urban development
- City structure depends on which epoch they were constructed during
Bibliography
- http://johnborchert.weebly.com/
- https://www.lib.umn.edu/borchert/about-professor-borchert
- http://quizlet.com/5497873/human-geography-models-flash-cards/
- http://www.slideshare.net/woernerc/urban-part-3
- The Cultural Landscape by James M. Rubenstein
- Industry (pg 342-370)
- Chapter 13: Urban Patterns (pg. 404)
Geographic Contributions
- Became a professor at the University of Minnesota
- Founded the American Metropolitan Evolution in 1967
- Studies and Data led to research programs
- America's Northern Heartland in 1987
3: Steel Rail Epoch
- Industrial Revolution
- Steel Industry in Chicago, Detroit and Pittsburgh
- Steel replaced iron which led to safer and more powerful locomotives
4: Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch
- Gasoline powered combustion engines
- truck based distribution of goods
- Highways, expressways, jet aircraft = faster and cheaper travel
- ex. Houston
2: Iron Horse Epoch
Theory
- Steam powered railroads
- Tracks laid coast to coast
- Manufacturing spread outward
- Sought to put the evolution of the American City in chronological order based on the impact of transportation and communication
- Uses transportation advancements as a key to urban development
- Borchert's Epochs refer to 4/5 distinct periods in American urbanization
-Sail-Wagon Epoch (1790-1830)
- Iron Horse Epoch (1830-1870)
-Steel Rail Epoch (1870-1920)
-Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch (1920-1970)
-Satellite-Electronic-Jet Propulsion (1970-
Early Life
1: Sail-Wagon Epoch
- 1918-2001
- Born in Chicago and grew up in Crown Point, Indiana
- Initially wanted to be a journalist but then went to Depauw in Indiana and decided to major in geology
- Worked in a geophysical oil exploration of the Great Plains where he met his wife
- phD at University of Wisconsin at Madison
- Slow overland and waterway transportation
- ex. New York
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