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John Borchert

By Caroline Fortuna

Effects

APHG Outline

  • Showed transportation's involvement in urban development
  • City structure depends on which epoch they were constructed during

Bibliography

  • http://johnborchert.weebly.com/
  • https://www.lib.umn.edu/borchert/about-professor-borchert
  • http://quizlet.com/5497873/human-geography-models-flash-cards/
  • http://www.slideshare.net/woernerc/urban-part-3
  • The Cultural Landscape by James M. Rubenstein
  • Industry (pg 342-370)
  • Chapter 13: Urban Patterns (pg. 404)

Geographic Contributions

  • Became a professor at the University of Minnesota
  • Founded the American Metropolitan Evolution in 1967
  • Studies and Data led to research programs
  • America's Northern Heartland in 1987

3: Steel Rail Epoch

  • Industrial Revolution
  • Steel Industry in Chicago, Detroit and Pittsburgh
  • Steel replaced iron which led to safer and more powerful locomotives

4: Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch

  • Gasoline powered combustion engines
  • truck based distribution of goods
  • Highways, expressways, jet aircraft = faster and cheaper travel
  • ex. Houston

2: Iron Horse Epoch

Theory

  • Steam powered railroads
  • Tracks laid coast to coast
  • Manufacturing spread outward

  • Sought to put the evolution of the American City in chronological order based on the impact of transportation and communication
  • Uses transportation advancements as a key to urban development
  • Borchert's Epochs refer to 4/5 distinct periods in American urbanization

-Sail-Wagon Epoch (1790-1830)

- Iron Horse Epoch (1830-1870)

-Steel Rail Epoch (1870-1920)

-Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch (1920-1970)

-Satellite-Electronic-Jet Propulsion (1970-

Early Life

1: Sail-Wagon Epoch

  • 1918-2001
  • Born in Chicago and grew up in Crown Point, Indiana
  • Initially wanted to be a journalist but then went to Depauw in Indiana and decided to major in geology
  • Worked in a geophysical oil exploration of the Great Plains where he met his wife
  • phD at University of Wisconsin at Madison
  • Slow overland and waterway transportation
  • ex. New York

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