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Nervous System

Mind Map

CNS

composed of the brain and spinal cord, makes decisions about what the body should do based off sensory information

Somatic

responsible for conscious actions such as movement

Autonomic

Cranial Nerves

responsible for subconscious actions such as breathing or digestion

deliver information from the brain (CNS) to the PNS

Spinal Nerves

deliver information from the spinal cord (CNS) to the PNS

Divisions of the Nervous System

Sympathetic

the "fight or flight" division, used when you're in an excited state

Parasympathetic

PNS

the "rest and digest" division, used when you're in a calm state

brings sensory information to the CNS and carries out the orders from the CNS

Unipolar

Interneurons

Neuron with only

1 projection from body

which splits into an axon

and dendrite

Deliver signals between the other neurons

Neuron

Bipolar

Motor Neuron

A neuron is a cell that transmits nerve impulses

The Types of Neurons

Neuron with 1 axon

and 1 dendrite

Controls muscle contraction and movement

- classified by function

- classified by structure

Multipolar

Sensory Neuron

Neuron with 1

axon and many dendrites

Neurotransmitter

Transmit sensory information to the rest of the brain and spinal cord

Sodium

Cerebrospinal Fluid

chemical that carries the impulse throughout the nerves (acetylcholine)

Throughout the brain, absorbs shock

Arachnoid Matter

an element in the membrane of the nerve that is involved in action potential, can cause depolarization

Pons

The middle layer, it stores cerebrospinal fluid

Responsible for breathing

Medulla Oblongata

Dura Matter

Connects to the spinal cord, controls vascular

Pia Matter

The outermost layer, it is vascular and provides protection to the brain

The innermost layer, it's vascular

Midbrain

Potassium

Meninges

Brain Stem

Passes information from the spinal cord to the brain

Action Potential

Parts of

A Neuron

an element in the nerve's membrane involved in action potential, can cause hyperpolarization when too much leaves

All-or-None Response

a neuron will either reach action potential and fire or it will not; there is no in between when it comes to a nerve's firing

Parts of the Brain

Cerebrum

The part of the brain containing the four lobes, responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and coordination

Cerebellum

Diencephalon

in the back of the brain, coordinates and regulates muscle activity

Cell Body

Synapse

Dendrite

Contains the thalamus and hypothalamus

Cerebral Cortex

The main part of a neuron that houses the nucleus

Frontal Lobe

The ends of a neuron that receive incoming signals

the outermost layer of the cerebellum, made up of folded grey matter and responsible for consciousness

the gap between two adjacent neurons, the signal travels across it during action potential

Responsible for planning, judgment, and higher thinking skills

Axons

Hypothalamus

Thalamus

Interprets all sensory information passed to the brain and then sends them to the appropriate brain area

Maintains homeostasis by controlling breathing, heart rate, hunger, and sleeping.

The part of a neuron the signal travels down

Corpus Callosum

Lobes of the Brain

nerves that join the two hemispheres of the brain and allow them to communicate

Parietal Lobe

Neuroglial Cells

Responsible for sensory and understanding speech

help to maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide structure

Occipital Lobe

Depolarization

Repolarization

Temporal Lobe

Responsible for vision

sodium enters the membrane and it becomes positive

potassium leaves the membrane and it becomes more negative

Responsible for hearing and memories

Myelin Sheath

Nodes of Ranvier

Threshold Potential

-55

this level must be reached to begin action potential (-55)

Coats the axon and speeds up signals

-70

Where the signal passes on the axon (since it cannot pass on the myelin)

Resting Potential

Hyperpolarization

sodium and potassium follow the rules of diffusion

too much potassium leaves the membrane and it becomes too negative

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