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Sanford's Theory of Challenge & Support
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Bourne, T. M. (Producer), & Hancock, J. L. (Director). (2009). The Blind Side [Motion picture]. USA: Warner Brothers.
Goleman, D. (1995, July 11). Nevitt Sanford, 86, Psychologist Who Traced Roots of Prejudice. New York Times. Retrieved September 30, 2014, from www.nytimes.com/1995/07/11/obituaries/nevitt-sanford-86-psychologist-who-traced-roots-of-prejudice.html
Sanford, N. (1967). Self & society: Social change and individual development. New Brunswick, N.J.: Atherton Press.
Sanford, N. (1967). Where colleges fail; a study of the student as a person. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
References
Activity
What does it look like?
A student comes into your office and has been struggling academically. They don't seem as concerned about their academics as you would like them to be, however, they want to continue to be heavily involved in the student organization you oversee. Using Sanford's theory of Challenge and Support, how would you advise them?
- Get to know the student so they feel comfortable receiving your support, and so that you learn how to best support them
- Identify ways in which students want to be challenged and use this as your guide
- Develop skills to recognize when students need to be challenged and when they need support
Biography
An Outline of Theory
- Born in Chatham, Va., in 1909. The son and grandson of Baptist ministers.
- He attended the University of Virginia, received a master's degree from Columbia University and a Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard University, where he was on the staff of the Harvard Psychological Clinic from 1935 to 1940.
- He was the author or co-author of nearly 200 scholarly articles and more than a dozen books.
“The theory is that people develop when stress is great enough to challenge their prior modes of adaptation, but not so great as to induce defensive reactions."
(Sanford, 1967)
Focus of Research
- He first gained prominence as a co-author of "The Authoritarian Personality," a study of anti-Semitism published in 1950.
- Dr. Sanford was among the first to study the interaction between social systems and personality.
- Dr. Sanford was also an early critic of I.Q. tests, saying they were biased in favor of the white middle class.
Goleman, 1995