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Evolution of Human Skin Color

Background

What is UV?

  • It is one of the forms of energy that we receive from the sun.
  • UV allows you to make Vitamin D
  • Excessive exposure to UV radiation can cause major issues.

• What exposure levels are humans exposed through worldwide?

• What is folate and what is its role in the human body?

  • "Folate is a essential nutrient for DNA synthesis" (Prud’homme-Généreux, 2011, p.6)
  • This nutrient is important for cell growth, and reproduction in women.

Periodontal Disease

How does PD affect an individual?

Diagnosis

  • X-Rays
  • Periodontal Probing
  • This disease affects an individual by causing their gums to swell, redden and bleed.
  • Gums physically retract away from the teeth.
  • Pockets form, increasing vulnerability to infection
  • Connective tissue causes jaw bones to be damaged

Vitamin D3

References

Why is vitamin D3 important?

You must have vitamin D3 to:

  • absorb calcium,
  • promotes growth
  • regulates genes that control immune functions and metabolic control
  • support the cardiovascular and nervous system, and fat tissues.

Bronwell, L. (2013, August). The Overlooked Importance of Vitamin D

Receptors. Retrieved March 14, 2016, from http://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2013/8/the-overlooked-importance-of-vitamin-d-receptors/page-01

Feature, D. J. (2010, November 30). Vitamin D FAQ: Why You Need Vitamin

D. Retrieved March 14, 2016, from http://www.webmd.com/osteoporosis/features/the-truth-about-vitamin-d-why-you-need-vitamin-d

Fledman, D., Pike, JW., & Adams, JS. (2011). Information on the latest vitamin

D news and research. Retrieved March 14, 2016, from https://www.vitamindcouncil.org/about-vitamin-d/what-is-vitamin-d/

Information on the latest vitamin D news and research. (n.d.). Retrieved March

14, 2016, from https://www.vitamindcouncil.org/about-vitamin-d/how-do-i-get-the-vitamin-d-my-body-needs/

Prud’homme-Généreux, A. (n.d.). The Evolution Of Human Skin Color. The

Evolution Of Human Skin Color, 1-13. Retrieved from http://sciencecases.lib.buffalo.edu/cs/files/skin_pigmentation.pdf

Related Diseases - Vitamin D Deficiency and Low Vitamin D Symptoms &

Treatment. (n.d.). Retrieved March 15, 2016, from http://www.medicinenet.com/vitamin_d_deficiency/related-conditions/index.htm

Vitamin D and UV. (2008, July 29). Retrieved March 14, 2016, from

http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/You-Me-and-UV/Science-Ideas-and-Concepts/Vitamin-D-and-UV

How does UV affect vitamin D3 levels?

  • Vitamin D is produced when:
  • UV reacts with a compound in the skin
  • The more skin you expose to UV the more Vitamin D is produced
  • Too high levels can cause skin cancer.
  • Too low levels can cause Vitamin D deficiency.

Background (cont.)

• What is vitamin D3 and what is its role in the human body?

  • Vitamin D3 is a vitamin that is important for bones and a healthy heart.
  • Role: Absorb calcium, important for pregnancy

• How do folate and vitamin D3 drive the evolution of human skin color?

  • Different skin tones affect the levels of folate and vitamin D3 found in the body.

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