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ABCs of US History
Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebraska of 1854 established popular sovereignty in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska allowing the settlers to choose whether they want slaves or not. This also nullified the Missouri Compromise's Mason Dixon Line which is used to determine if the states are free or slave. Conflicts include pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers fighting in what is known as Bleeding Kansas.
Dorothea Dix was the leader for prisons and mental illness reform. She was teaching inmates in a prison where the conditions were inhumane such as no heating and starving, chained and no sanitation. She went around the country and made 32 mental hospitals and improved conditions of prisons.
Henry Clay
April 9, 1865 was when Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House located in Virginia. Lee had to surrender because they were hopeless after the defeat ate Gettysburg. This marked the end of the Civil War and the Reconstruction Era begins.
Henry Clay also known as "The Great Compromiser" created the Missouri Compromise, The Tariff Compromise of 1833, and The Compromise of 1850 which created the modern day borders of our country. He only wanted to avoid a civil war but unfortunately, there was one. Clay wanted to be president but never did.
Jamestown
In 1807, Thomas Jefferson enacted the Embargo Act which banned the US to import or export with any other country because the British and French kept on seizing American ships. Americans suffered, the US lost millions of dollars, no goods, and unemployed workers were all effects of the Embargo act which was repealed in 1809.
Jamestown was the first permanent English colony in North America. It is located in Virginia and was founded on 1607. The colonists were sent by King James I to find gold and a water route to Asia.
The Fugitive Slave Act was one of the provisions of the Compromise of 1850. Thousands of slave escaped to the free states. This law forced citizens to capture escaped slaves in free states back to their owners in the south. Many northerners were angered by this law and refused to return the freed slaves.
Legislative Branch
The Bill of Rights were modeled after the English Bill of Rights which the Anti-Federalists wanted. They thought the Constitution was too strong so the Bill of Rights protects the citizens which grants rights and freedoms. The Bill of Rights were written in 1791 at the Constitutional Convention.
The US Legislative Branch is made up of House of Representatives which include 435 members (depends on state population) and 100 senators (2 from each state). The main job of the legislative branch is to make laws. The law first starts off as a bill and gets sent to the president to review. If the president agrees with the bill, the president will sign it to become a law.
Intolerable Acts
After the Boston Tea Party, the British were angered at the Colonists. They decided the colonists needed to be punished. The British closed the Boston Harbor, got rid of the elected government members, required British troops in colonists homes, and extended the Canadian Border so the colonists can't claim more land.
George Washington was the general of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War and a delegate of the First Continental Congress. Washington saw that the new nation was struggling under the Articles of Confederation. At the Constitutional Convention, he was chosen the president. In his Farewell Address, he advised not to get into foreign alliances or make political parties.
Cotton Gin
Railroad
The cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney in 1794. The cotton gin was used to clean cotton 50 times faster than cleaning by hand. The cotton gin impacted slaves in the south by increasing the number of slaves.
Virginia House of Burgesses
The railroad was first developed in Britain by George Stephenson. In the 19th century, the Transcontinental Railroad was made. Immigrants laid the tracks, dug tunnels and crossed mountains. The railroad increase the speed of transportation and communication.
Monroe Doctrine
Northwest Ordinance
Ulysses S. Grant
The Virginia House of Burgesses is the first legislature in America. It was located in a church in Jamestown, Virginia and first met on July 30, 1619. There were 22 members who were elected by the colony. They made the laws for the American colonies.
Popular Sovereignty
The Monroe Doctrine was created in 1823 by James Monroe. It states that no European country can colonize North or South America. Monroe wanted to follow what Washington said in his Farewell Address, not to form any alliances with foreign countries
Ulysses S. Grant was the general for the Union during the Civil War. Grant's troops captured Vicksburg and defeated the Confederate Army at Gettysburg, where Robert E. Lee surrendered. Later, Grant became the 18th president from 1869 to 1877.
Quaker
Quakers are members of Religious Society of Friends. They were targets in England and believed in equality. William Penn founded Pennsylvania in the 17th century for religious freedom.
Popular Sovereignty is a principle of government which is rule by the people. The power of the government is in the hands of the people. Popular sovereignty was used in the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1554 which let the settlers choose if they wanted slavery of not in the territory.
The Northwest Ordinance was enacted on 1787 by congress for a policy on adding new states to the nation. Ten territories would become states as soon as the population reaches 60,000. The territories would have education, but no slavery.
Worcester V. Georgia
Texas Annexation
Shays' Rebellion
The Worcester V. Georgia case is about Sam Worcester who refused to move from "Indian Territory". The case began on February 20, 1832. The Supreme court ruled in favor of Worcester because Georgia had violated the 14th amendment which doesn't allow blocking a citizen's right of life, pursuit and happiness.
The Annexation of Texas happened on 1845 during the presidency of James K. Polk. At first, the Congress didn't want to annex Texas because the balance of slave states and free states would be off. The annexation of Texas caused the Mexican-American War.
Shays' Rebellion is a protest farmers made against tax collections and debt. The name came from the leader, Daniel Shays. The Rebellion was from 1786 to 1787. The rebellion took place from New Hampshire to South Carolina, but was most severe in Massachusetts.
Olive Branch Petition
XYZ Affair
The Olive Branch Petition was adopted by Congress on 1775. It was a way to try to break away from Britain without causing a war. King George refused and the colonists were angered. So in 1776, Thomas Paine writes a pamphlet, Common Sense.
The XYZ Affair is an incident that happened between France and America in the late 18th century. The French kept on seizing American ships so John Adams sent three diplomats to Paris to regain the peace, but ended up with France bribing them. Adams "renamed" the three French Agents as X, Y and Z.