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Lawrence Midland Secondary School

Location

  • Lawrence Midland Secondary School
  • 1555 Midland Avenue, Scarborough,Ontario
  • Approximately 15,000 square meters

Steel vs Concrete

  • More sustainable
  • More efficient

Our Team

Victor Almeida

Milad Dehnadi

Amir Cheshmniam

Tarunbir Singh

Steven Olivete

Charnpreet Singh

In Partnership with :

Who Are We?

Soil

  • A structural engineering company with consultants located downtown Toronto
  • Founded summer of 2015
  • Employee owned company
  • Six highly motivated and experienced civil engineering students
  • Successful in the field with ambition for new challenges

Agenda

  • Location
  • Geomatics Map
  • Soil Type & Seismic Data
  • Environmental
  • Load Combination
  • ETABS Models
  • Roof System Design
  • Composite Floor Design
  • Slab on Grade Design
  • Footings & Foundation Design
  • Cost Estimation

Seismic Data

Environment

  • As engineers we are responsible for creating sustainable structures
  • Our building includes:
  • recyclable concrete
  • steel structure
  • green roofs
  • solar panels

Open Web Steel Joist

Joist Spacing is 600mm.

Footings & Foundation Design

Composite Slab

Roof Deck Design

Spread Footing Design

Column Groupings

Footing Design Procedure

Foundation Layout

Main Beam Section: W640x256

Secondary Beam Section: W310x129

Composite Deck Profile: P2348 Composite (From CANAM Catalogue)

Preliminary Considerations

  • Recommended by the client to implement spread footings
  • Designing for ULS Soil Bear Stress = 300 kPa
  • Water table at 3m below grade
  • Overall depth will not exceed 1.5m
  • Shallow Foundation
  • Combined Footing
  • Columns in close proximity
  • Design of Composite Steel Structure
  • Steel Column, Base Plate, Anchor Rods, Reinforced Concrete Pedestal, Reinforced Footing

Total Axial load = 730 kN

Shear Length = 50m

Linear Shear Force = 730/50 = 14.6 kN/m

Steel Deck Profile = P-3606

Checking for:

  • Two Way Shear (Punching Shear)
  • Governs since the footing is square shaped
  • Height & Effective Depth
  • One Way Shear

Designing for:

  • Flexural Reinforcement
  • Footing subject to flexure
  • Two layers of reinforcement in both directions

Footing Design Procedure

Foundation Design Procedure

Footing Design Procedure

Foundation Design Procedure

Area

A = Pf / qf

qf : factored bearing soil pressure used in designing for flexure and shear

b = A^0.5

Soil Distribution

No overturn due to horizontal loads, (-) soil stress

Maximum Soil Stress:

Pf /A + Mx(Y)/ I + My (Y)/ I

Minimum Soil Stress:

Pf /A - Mx(Y)/ I - My (Y)/ I

One - Way Shear

  • Initially, shear reinforcement neglected
  • Resisting shear in concrete member
  • Vc = λ x φc x β x fc'^0.5 x b x dv
  • Set:
  • Vf = qf x b x [(b – t)/2 - dv]

Flexural Reinforcement

  • Determining Mf, As, Asmin
  • Selecting the amount of reinforcement corresponding to the governing As
  • Max spacing limited to 3h or 500mm
  • End spacing of at least 100mm

Two - Way Shear

  • Initially, shear reinforcement neglected
  • Resisting shear in concrete member
  • Vc = vc x bo x d
  • Set Vf = Vc, solve for height (h) and depth(d)
  • Using 20M flexural reinforcement

Slab on Grade Design

Concrete Pedestal Design

  • Cross section greater than base plate & column
  • Height 1m above ground level
  • Factored Axial Load Resistance,

Pro =(α1)(φc)(fc')(Ag - Ast) + (φs)(fy)(Ast)

  • Maximum axial load resistance based on a tied column
  • Prmax = 0.8(Pro)
  • Moment resistance based on balanced condition
  • Strain in steel reinforcement in tension & concrete in compression yield

  • Found through increasing the structural load bearing capacity or by controlling cracking due to temperature and shrinkage effects
  • The equation used in the amount of reinforcement is determined by:

Asfs = ​​​​/2 x F

  • Fy = 400MPa
  • Solve for the minimum cross-sectional area and bar spacing for each direction, concluded that:

Use 10M bars @ 500mm c-c.

Composite Floor Design

Roof Design

Anchor Rods

Base Plate

Combined Footing

Reinforcements based on:

  • Two-way shear check
  • One-way shear check
  • Required flexural reinforcement

OWSJ

Rod dimensions:

Diameter = 19 mm

Length = 762 mm

Shear check:

Vr = 0.6 φ Aar Fu

Aar = cross sectional

area of anchor rod

Tension check:

Tr = 0.67 AnFu

An = tensile area of rods

= 0.85Ag

Combined check:

(Vf / Vr)^2 + (Tf / Tr)^2 <= 1

Required area of plate = Cf / Br

Plate thickness = (2Cfm^2/BCΦFy)^0.5

Cf = total factored column load (kN)

m = plate dimension

BC = area of plate (mm^2)

Φ = 0.9 for steel

Fy = specified minimum yield strength (MPa)

Cost Estimation

  • 35 MPa Normal Concrete
  • 25 Mpa Normal Concrete
  • 20 Months of construction
  • 15,000 square meters
  • Not include :
  • Cost of A/E & GC
  • Utility
  • Permit

Cost Estimation

ETABS Models

Roof Cross Section

Loadings

Gravity Load

Lateral Loads

Snow Load

Seismic Load

S = Is[Ss(CbCwCsCa)+Sr] (Values Obtained from NBC)

Ss = 1.2 kPa (1/50 year value)

Sr = 0.4 kPa (1/50 year value)

Cs = 1 ; Cb = 0.8 ; Is = 1.15 ; Cw = 1

Ca (0) = 4.601

S = 2.5 kPa.

Dead Load

Steel

Wind Load

Weight = Volume (m^3) * Unit Weight (KN/m^3)

P = Iw.Cg.Ce.Cp.q

Importance factor, Iw = 1.15

Gust effect factor , Cg = 2.0

Exposure factor, Ce = 1.3

Internal wind pressure coefficient

- East West direction

- North South direction

Hourly wind pressures,

q = 0.35 (1 in 50 year return period)

q = 0.26 (1 in 10 year return period)

E-W

N-S

Live Load

Obtained from NBC 2010

Floor plan

Floors Mesh

3D view of building

Second Floor

First Floor

Cost Estimation

Fourth Floor

Third Floor

Second Floor

Summary Sheet

OWJ Spacing = 600 mm

Stress Diagrams

Load Combination

Beam, Composite beam, Column section design

Composite Beam Design Section

First Floor

Second Floor

2.5 m

Roof

Third Floor

W310X129

Cost Estimation

Bracing

40% Increase

References

• National building code of Canada, 2010 (13th ed.). (2010). Ottawa, Ont.: National Research Council Canada, Institute for Research in Construction.

• Handbook of steel construction (10th ed.). (2014). Willowdale, Ont.: CISC.

• Steel Deck. (n.d.). Retrieved December 3, 2015, from http://www.canam-construction.com/wp¬content/uploads/2014/12/canam-steel-deck-catalogue-canada.pdf

• National building code of Canada, 2010 (13th ed.). (2010). Ottawa, Ont.: National Research Council Canada, Institute for Research in Construction.

• Concrete Design Handbook (3rd ed.). (2005). Ottawa: Canadian Portland Cement Association.

• Handbook of steel construction (10th ed.). (2014). Willowdale, Ont.: CISC.

• Toronto Lands Corporation. (n.d.). Retrieved October 7, 2015.

• Advantages of Steel and Steel Framing Construction. (n.d.). Retrieved October 8, 2015, from http://midcitysteel.com/advantages-of-steel-and-steel-framing-construction/

• Concrete vs. Steel. (2005, June 1). Retrieved October 8, 2015, from http://www.buildings.com/article-details/articleid/2511/title/concrete-vs-steel.aspx

• Retrieved November 26, 2015, from http://www.taylorsmyth.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/LawrenceandMidland_1.jpg

• Retrieved November 26, 2015, from http://www.taylorsmyth.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/LawrenceandMidland_1.jpg

• (Smith, Lawrence Midland Secondary School, 2013)

• Retrieved November 26, 2015, from http://www.geologyontario.mndm.gov.on.ca/mndmfiles/pub/data/imaging/P2204/p2204.pdf

• Baddoo, N. Sustainable Duplex Stainless Steel Bridges. Retrieved November 26, 2015, from http://www.worldstainless.org/Files/issf/non-image-files/PDF/Sustainable_Duplex_Stainless_Steel_Bridges.pdf

• Toronto Lands Corporation. (n.d.). Retrieved October 7, 2015. Google Maps. (n.d.). Retrieved October 7, 2015. Picture: Given PDF from client.

• Advantages of Steel and Steel Framing Construction. (n.d.). Retrieved October 8, 2015, from http://midcitysteel.com/advantages-of-steel-and-steel-framing-construction/

• Concrete vs. Steel. (2005, June 1). Retrieved October 8, 2015, from http://www.buildings.com/article-details/articleid/2511/title/concrete-vs-steel.aspx

• Adluri, S. Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial Univeristy. 2010.

• Steel Deck. (n.d.). Retrieved December 3, 2015, from http://www.canam-construction.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/canam-steel-deck-catalogue-canada.pdf

• Sustainability. (n.d.). Retrieved November 29, 2015, from http://www.worldsteel.org/steel-by-topic/sustainable-steel.html

• Thermal Mass in Buildings. (n.d.). Retrieved December 1, 2015, from http://www.reidsteel.com/thermal-mass-in-buildings.htm

Thank You!

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