Hildegard Peplau

Born in Reading, Pennsylvania on September 1st, 1909

Graduated from

Pottstown Pennsylvania

Hospital School of Nursing

in 1931

Worked as an

operating room supervisor at

Pottstown Hospital

BA in Interpersonal Psychology from

Bennington College in

Vermont in 1943

MA in Psychiatric Nursing from

Comlumbia's Teachers College

in New York in 1947

Known as the

"mother of psychiatric nursing"

Ed. D in Curriculum Development from

Columbia University

in 1953

Numerous awards, positions

and achievements:

Helped reshape the

mental health system in the

USA through the passage

of the National Mental Health

Act of 1946.

Peplau's book,

Interpersonal Relations

in Nursing

Published in 1952

Served as an executive director

of the ANA and later

became their president for

2 terms on the Board of the

International Council of Nurses

(ICN)

Received the

Christiane Reimann Prize,

at the ICN Quadrennial

Congress in 1997

More of

Peplau's achievements:

Named one of

"50 Great Americans"

in Who's Who

in 1995

by Marquis

American Academy

of Nursing honored

her as a

"Living Legend"

in 1996

An elected fellow

of the American

Academy of Nurses

and of Sigma Theta Tau

She was put

into the ANA's

Hall of Fame

in 1998

Retired in 1974 after a 50 year

career

At age 89, she died on

March 17th, 1999

peacefully

in her home in

Sherman Oaks

California

due to an

illness

Talk Theory to me!

Dr. Peplau was the 1st nurse theorist to describe the nurse-client relationship as a basis of nursing practice

Her theory on interpersonal relationships in nursing was known as a "mid-range theory" and built on Harry Stack Sullivan's psychodynamic interpersonal theory.

Sullivan was an

American psychoanalyst

that introduced the

concept of therapeutic

relationships as a

human connection that heals.

Paplau shifted the focus from

what nurses

do TO what

nurses do

WITH

patients

+

=

development of impressions and general ideas about the client's situation.

6 professional roles the nurse adopts in the client-nurse relationship

How clear is this theory?

How simple is this theory?

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A member of the

Army Nurse Corps

during WWII

and worked in a neuro-psychiatric ward

• in London, England

Worked at

Bellevue and Chestnut Lodge

psychiatric facilities and was in contact with renowned psychiatrists

Freida Fromm-Reichman

and Harry Stack Sullivan

H

ow

like

is

this

theory?

How general is this theory?

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a

d

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4 Developmental Phases

Hildegard Peplau's Theory of...

INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS

‪"Nursing has made great progress from being an occupation to becoming a profession in the 20th Century. As the 21st Century approaches, further progress will be reported and recorded in Cyberspace - The Internet being one conduit for that. Linking nurses and their information and knowledge across borders - around the world - will surely advance the profession of nursing much more rapidly in the next century."

-Hildegard Elizabeth Peplau‬

1. Phase of Orientation

2. Phase of Identification

3. Phase of Exploitation

4. Phase of Resolution

the end!

2. Resource role

1. Stranger role

3. Teaching role

4. Counseling role

5. Surrogate role

6. Active leadership

References

She wrote

numerous journal

articles,

chapters,

books

as well as

journal articles

and books in

foreign languages

from 1952-1999

Arnold, E. C. & Boggs, K. U. (2007). Interpersonal relationships: Professional

communication skills for nurses (5th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier.

Current Nursing (2011, February 10). Theory of interpersonal relations. Retrieved on

March 10, 2011, fromhttp://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/interpersonal_

theory.html

Chinn, P.L. & Kramer, M.K. (2011). Integrated theory and knowledge development in

nursing (8th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier.

Hildegard Peplau Nursing Theorist (2007). About Hildegard Peplau. Retrieved on

March 3, 2011, from http://publish.uwo.ca/~cforchuk/peplau/peplau.html

Nurses For Nurses Everyhwere (2010, May 20). Hildegard Peplau. Retrieved on March 7,

2011, from http://www.nurses.info/nursing_theory_midrange_theories_hildegard_

peplau.htm

Nursing Resource Admin (2010, October 2). Hildegard Peplau. Retrieved on March 10,

2011, from http://nursing-resource.com/category/nursing-hall-of-fame/

Peplau, H. E. (1991). Interpersonal relations in nursing: A conceptual frame of reference

for psychodynamic nursing (1st ed.). New York, NY: Springer

Publishing Company.

Saxon, W. (1999, March 28). Hildegard Elizabeth Peplau, 89, developer of psychiatric

nursing. Retrieved on March 11, 2011, from http://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/28/

us/hildegard-elizabeth-peplau-89-developer-of-psychiatric-nursing.html

The College of Licensed Practical Nurses of Nova Scotia . (2007). College of Licensed

Practical Nurses of Nova Scotia . Retrieved March 5, 2011, from Nurse-client

relationship: http://www.clpnns.ca/positionstatements/Nurse-Client%20

Relationship-Nov1907.pdf

As participant-observers, nurses actively engage with their clients, simultaneously observing clients' behaviours and their own responses, and providing assistance, information, and encouragement as needed

The dynamic nursing approach Peplau advocated is not that of a passive spectator

A majority of her work can be found in

The American Journal of Nursing

Description

formulation

+ interpretation

validation

intervention

_______________

essence of nurse -client relationship

helps the client transform raw data into a meaningful shared experience that both can understand

Educational

Developmental

Instrument