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Civil War Diplomacy
3
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Civil War Diplomacy
Union Diplomacy
Secretary of State= William Henry Seward
Using the Emancipation Proclaimation
-Helped turn war into a war of slavery
-British denounced institution of slavery, could
not support pro-slavery Confederacy
Union Blockade
-union blockaded southern ports to stop trade and weapons coming in
-prompted British neutrality; Britain could not denounce
a tactic that that they use (not what Confederacy expected)
Confederacy sends James Mason and John Slidell as diplomats to Britain
Mason and Slidell board Britsh vessel "Trent"--October 12, 1961
Union vessel "San Facinto" learned of action, intercepted ship, removed Slidell and Mason
Britain upset about their ship being stopped
To prevent war, union issues statement that they did not authorize Wilkes' actions
Confederate Diplomacy
Secretary of State- Robert Toombs
Cotton Diplomacy
-Used cotton industry to try and
lure European allies
Europe (especially British textile industry) reliant on southern cotton
Confederate Congress never formally
approved embargo
wanted not to appear as "blackmailers"
Embargo failed as Britain got cotton from India, Egypt, Brazil
never lead to an "official" ally, but
did lead to some financial help
-Built in Britain, as merchant ship
-given to south, where it was then armed
-Raided Union commerce ships
-sunk in 1864 at Battle of Cherbourg
British involvement in Civil War
British gov't= neutral
rich ruling class= pro-Confederacy
(wanted to see "yankee democracy" fail)
-originally supported south for economic means
-once Lincoln declared war about slavery, abolitionist Britain would not support South
France in the Civil War
-Napoleon supported Confederacy (for his own gain)
Weaker America= less opposition to expansion in Mexico
Russia in the Civil War
-Russia= only nation to show outright support for Union
-sent two fleets to America (never used in the battle)
-Goal= to oppose the British and French
In Summary...
Union Goal= Do NOT let Confederacy gain
European recognition/alliances
Confederate Goal= Gain recognition as an official nation, and receive foreign support
"If slavery was the corner stone of the Confederacy, cotton was its foundation. At home its social and economic institutions rested upon cotton; abroad its diplomacy centered around the well-known dependence of Europe…upon an uninterrupted supply of cotton from the southern states."
-Frank L Owsley Former professor at Vanderbilt University
Thank You
Main objective: Do not allow Confederacy to
gain recognition as a nation.
Keep the Confederacy from gaining a European ally
CSS Alabama
Trent Affair-1861
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