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Sonar, Echoes And Echolocation

The Physics and use of reflected sound.

Physics of Sonar

Sonar

Sonar stands for Sound Navigation and ranging

Echo Location

In general terms, pulses of sound waves are

transmitted into the water which is then reflected

by the object detected.

The reflected signals are then detected on the ship

and then try to locate the object

In general sonar is a technique that uses sound to navigate and detect objects under water.

Physics of Echos

side scan sonar: sound intensity is measured

Main objective of sonar is used to map the ocean floor, scientists use two types of sonar:

Physics of Echolocation

Echolocation is found in animals such as bats and dolphins

Multiple types

The farther the distance of an object the quieter the

echo due to the spread of the sound waves in water

Side scan

Echolocation is sometimes referred to as bio-sonar

Multibeam sonar

The concept of Sonar

Hard substances = louder echo

paints picture of detected object

measures depth

Bats send out "clicks" of high pitch sound

To The Basics, Echo

Echolocation is used by animals as a way to "see"

using sound.

Echos work using by sound being sent out

where it reflects off of an object

sound is a mechanical wave it reflects the same

the sound "reflects" off of the medium boundary

reflected sound takes time to reach you

sound come with delay, causing you to hear it twice, an echo.

the "clicks" echo off of objects

ultrasound,sound with pitches too high for humans to hear are sent out by animals.

What is an Echo

determines the distance based on how long it takes for echo to return.

Bats can determine shape,distance,texture and size of objects based on echo

The reason echos work better in open spaces is because the longer the delay between you hearing sound and the "echo" the more you will notice it.

t=d/v

Echo is the reflection of sound causing an repeat of what you previously heard.

Bats can determine the horizontal direction based on the delay between the ears hearing the sound

The original sound and the Echo heard have a delay

Echos are normally heard better in big open spaces.

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