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Physics of Sonar
Sonar
Sonar stands for Sound Navigation and ranging
Echo Location
In general terms, pulses of sound waves are
transmitted into the water which is then reflected
by the object detected.
The reflected signals are then detected on the ship
and then try to locate the object
In general sonar is a technique that uses sound to navigate and detect objects under water.
Physics of Echos
side scan sonar: sound intensity is measured
Main objective of sonar is used to map the ocean floor, scientists use two types of sonar:
Physics of Echolocation
Echolocation is found in animals such as bats and dolphins
Multiple types
The farther the distance of an object the quieter the
echo due to the spread of the sound waves in water
Side scan
Echolocation is sometimes referred to as bio-sonar
Multibeam sonar
The concept of Sonar
Hard substances = louder echo
paints picture of detected object
measures depth
Bats send out "clicks" of high pitch sound
To The Basics, Echo
Echolocation is used by animals as a way to "see"
using sound.
Echos work using by sound being sent out
where it reflects off of an object
sound is a mechanical wave it reflects the same
the sound "reflects" off of the medium boundary
reflected sound takes time to reach you
sound come with delay, causing you to hear it twice, an echo.
the "clicks" echo off of objects
ultrasound,sound with pitches too high for humans to hear are sent out by animals.
What is an Echo
determines the distance based on how long it takes for echo to return.
Bats can determine shape,distance,texture and size of objects based on echo
The reason echos work better in open spaces is because the longer the delay between you hearing sound and the "echo" the more you will notice it.
t=d/v
Echo is the reflection of sound causing an repeat of what you previously heard.
Bats can determine the horizontal direction based on the delay between the ears hearing the sound
The original sound and the Echo heard have a delay
Echos are normally heard better in big open spaces.