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Industrial Society

A society that depends on science and technology to produce its basic goods and services.

Mechanization: the process of replacing animal and human power with machine power

Urbanization: the shifting of population from farms and villages to large cities

Social Solidarity

The degree to which a society is unified.

Gemeinschaft: preindustrial society based on tradition, kinship, and close social ties

Gesellschaft: industrial society characterized by weak family ties, competition,and impersonal social relationships

Ferdinand Tonnes

Emile Durkhein

Mechanical Solidarity: a type of social unity achieved by people doing the same type of work and holding similar values

Organic Solidarity: a type of social unity in which members' interdependence is based on specialized functions and statuses

Society

Pre-Industrial Society

Post-Industrial Society

Society- People living within a defined territorial borders and sharing a common culture.

Hunting and gathering society

A society in which the economic emphasis is on providing services and information.

Produces good through basic manufacturing.

Historian Francis Fukuyama believes that post-industrial society is weakening social stability.

Common in most societies

2 million to 10,000 years ago.

Social Instability/Stability

According to Fukyama, the social instability is now lessening. He believes this because of the decrease in rates of divorce, crime, distrust, illegitimacy.

Fukuyama believes that humans find it difficult to live without values and norms; because culture can be changed, it can be used to create new social structures better adapted to changing social and economic circumstances. This will eventually build the social stability back up.

A society based on hunting animals

and gathering edible plants.

  • Majority of labor force is employed in services instead of agriculture or manufacturing
  • White-collar employment replaces much blue-collar work
  • Technical knowledge is the key organizing features in postindustrial society
  • Technological change is planned and assessed
  • Reliance on computer modeling in all areas

Horticultural Gardening

12,000-10,000 years ago.

A society based on growing mostly plants for a source of food.

Pre-industrial: Agricultural Farming.

Permanent Settlements.

6,000 years ago to present.

A society that uses plows and draft animals in growing food.

Pastoral Herding

Society based on mainly raising and taking care of animals.

12,000-10,000 years ago.

Most farmers who took care of

animals had to trade for feed

as they did not grow plants.

Differences Between Societies

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