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In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell invented the first practical telephone. This groundbreaking invention expanded and simplified communications. Using the telephone was much more efficient, quick, and effective than handwritten letters. After this invention, the telephone began popping up all around the globe. The telephone connected and continues to connect different groups of people and also spread new information quicker. This discovery sped and increased global communication, increasing the capacity for real-time interaction from a distance.

invention we would still be spending our days and nights in utter darkness. Light bulbs are a very

practical and important part of our daily lives and provide us with the light we need in order to see. When the light bulb was first introduced to the

masses it changed the way humans lived. From the

candlestick to the lightbulb, people could now

work or do "daytime activities" into the night.

Timeline of Globalization

1440

Printing Press

Johannes Gutenberg, a german inventor, pioneered a printing press that had far-reaching effects on Europe-and the world. Until Gutenberg's innovation, books had to copied strenuously by hand. This took a long time and made books more expensive. This meant that the wealthy generally only had access to books and education. When the printing press appeared, books were being produced more quickly and cheaply, which meant that more people could afford to buy them. In turn, this encouraged more people to learn to read. The printed word played a very important role in spreading new ideas about politics, religion, science, and philosophy across the world. Gutenberg's invention was so revolutionary that it has been called the most important invention of the second millennium.

1903

1989

Airplane

The World Wide Web

In December of 1903, the Wright brothers invented the first successful airplane. A bit later in history and a few modifications to the design, airplanes would provide the rapid delivery of passengers and goods across the globe. This allowed for greater cultural and intellectual exchange. This remarkable innovation also inspired billions to dream and achieve more, resulting in bigger, better, and commercialized planes. Furthermore, airplanes have brought countries aid in warfare and in times of economic collapse (i.e. Haiti). Most importantly, airplanes have closed the gap; what was once a grueling month-after-month journey from Europe to the Americas, can now be completed in as little as 10 hours. This invention has brought economic growth to many countries and shipping goods can now be done more quickly and efficiently. The invention of the airplane has connected each corner of the world.

In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee, invented a "large hypertext database with typed links", otherwise known as the World Wide Web. This invention impacted the world because it allowed information to be accessed with the push of a button. Also, the world was connected with instant messaging and emailing. The World Wide Web (or the internet), also allowed people to view international news and to know what's happening all over the world. With time, the internet evolved to include various search engines, mobile phone networks, wireless devices, and social networks.

3500 BCE

The Wheel

The wheel was a revolutionary invention from 3500 BCE. The wheel was not initially invented for transportation purposes, but was used as pottery wheels. Nearly 300 years later, wheels were designed for transportation. Now early humans could travel and transport goods from one place to another, with the help of carts. Later in time, the wheel was used for domestic purposes, such as irrigation and milling. The invention of the wheel was a groundbreaking innovation that paved the way for new transportation methods (ex. cars and trains) and machinery (ex. the printing press).

1928

Penicillin

1921

1876

1492

Insulin

Telephone

In 1928, Alexander Fleming wanted to discover a way to destroy bacteria. So, he began growing lots of bacteria known as staphylococci on petri-dishes. Fleming went on vacation, but didn't clean out his bacteria dishes. When he returned they were covered in mold. This was a stroke of luck that saved millions. Within the mold, Fleming noticed clear rings that did not have mold growing on them. This was penicillin. Penicillin kills bacteria and can cure infectious diseases. Penicillin made its way across the globe, saving millions of lives along the way. Penicillin also saved thousands of World War II soldiers.

Christopher Columbus discovers the Americas

In 1921, Dr. Banting discovered the hormone insulin in the pancreatic

extracts of dogs. Banting then injected the hormone into a dog with diabetes and he noticed it lowered the high glucose blood levels to normal. Later, Banting developed insulin for human treatment. The first successful treatment was with a 14 year old boy with type one diabetes in 1922. The patient, Leonard Thompson, was close to death before his treatment, but quickly bounced back to life with the insulin.The news of this treatment rapidly spread across the world, saving millions of diabetics, ultimately from death. The discovery of insulin was one of the most dramatic and important milestones in medicine.

In 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed westward in hopes of getting to Asia, to access the sources of spices and other oriental goods. Columbus did not reach Asia, but made a historical discovery of the Americas. Columbus made a total of four voyages to the Americas between 1492 and 1498. These voyages set the stage for European exploration and colonization of the Americas, which ultimately led to "The Grand Exchange", and catalyzed imperialism.

The Grand Exchange

When Columbus returned to the Americas in 1493, he had no idea that his voyage would change the world. The "Grand Exchange" was a trading process that began when Christopher Columbus brought seeds, fruit trees, and livestock to the Americas. This precious cargo was cultivated and became staples. In return, native North American species were exported to Europe. This exchange later expanded to include different countries and products around the world. Also, new ideas and technologies were being spread across the world, broadening the face of knowledge.

1945

1750-1850

The United Nations

1879

Light Bulb

The Industrial

Revolution

In October 1945, after World War II, the United Nations was formed. This organization was created in an effort to encourage diplomacy as apposed to violence. This was done to promote global peace and international security. Today, 193 countries are UN members. The United Nations has connected the world on international issues and has impacted many cultures and civilizations. This organization is important because it provides guidelines in order to prevent conflict between nations and promotes international dialogue. This set the stage for the creation of organizations like, the World Trade Organization (1995), which regulates international trade. The United Nations views that, no matter how small or poor a nation is, it still has a voice and a say in the development of the world. This underlines the whole of globalization and connecting the world.

In 1879, Thomas Edison invented the first

patented incandescent light bulb. Without this

The Industrial Revolution occurred in the period between 1750 and 1850. This was the era when industry became mechanized. It all began when European consumers were demanding more goods and industrial entrepreneurs were stepping forward to meet this demand by developing machines that could produce goods more quickly, more efficiently, and more cheaply than ever before. Until the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing had occurred in people's homes. For example, in the textile industry, spinners would work at home to make thread. This thread would then go to a weaver, who would work on a hand-operated loom. This took a very long time. This changed in 1764, when the spinning jenny was invented. This mechanical spinning wheel enabled spinners to keep up with the weavers. Later, the power loom was invented, enabling weavers to make cloth quicker than ever. Although these machines were very efficient, they were very expensive, which meant only the rich could afford them. As more and more factories were being built, cheap machine-made products gradually replaced handcrafted goods. This negatively impacted the craftspeople because they were driven out of work. Work being done in factories sparked dramatic economic, social, and cultural changes.

Later in history, new forms of light bulbs

were designed and modified to be

more environmental friendly.

300 BCE

The Spinning Jenny

The Silk Road

The Silk Road was a fragile network of caravan tracks that linked Asia and Europe. Because Silk was the major trade product which traveled on this road, it was named the Silk Road. This ancient route not only circulated goods, but also spread new cultures, ideas, and technology. For example, the Indo-Arabic number system originated in India and was later adopted in the Middle East. This system spread quickly because the Europeans who traded with Middle Eastern merchants introduced the system to Italy, and from there the system spread throughout all of Europe. Today, this number system is used worldwide.

1300

2004

The Magnetic Compass

Facebook

The sea has always played an essential role in globalization, so the invention of the magnetic compass made sea exploration much safer and easier. The compass meant that sailors could travel farther from land without losing their way, which lead to new discoveries (i.e. the Americas) and international trade. Also, navigating the oceans successfully played a pivotal role for many countries in gaining political and military power. Before the invention of the compass, getting lost at sea was a real danger, often with disastrous consequences. With the compass, sailors were no longer dependent on land marks and could take risks to travel to new lands and contact new people and cultures.

In 2004, Mark Zuckerberg invented an online social networking service called Facebook. Today, this network has over 1.59 billion active users. With users from all across the globe, Facebook has connected all types of people and cultures. Instantly, you can send a message to someone across the world with ease. With this website you can contact loved ones across the globe whenever you desire, or even set up a page for your business. Facebook has impacted the world, and connected people, their views, and new ideas.

850 CE

Gun Powder

Gunpowder was invented in China in 850 CE. Its introduction marked a dramatic change in the way wars were conducted worldwide. The science behind gunpowder was passed along the Silk Road, and soon spread all across Europe. Soon after, muskets and cannons were being used and traded widely. Gunpowder was first used in European warfare in 1324. Gunpowder is still the basis for many modern weapons, including guns, but it is certainly no longer the most explosive force available to armies.

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