Social Welfare History 1920s - 1940s

Social Welfare 1920's - 1940's

Prohibition

Red Scare

The Red Scare was the time in the United States where everyone was a aware and afraid of communism. During this time many people were arrested for being considered a threat and being stereotyped as communists.

The prohibitions was considered to be the Great Experiment. It lasted thirteen years and was later ruled out with the 21st amendment. The government wanted to ban alcohol to stop stimulating funds for liquor and thought it would help out the job market.

Red Scare

The Red Scare was the fear of Communism and Anarchy in America during the 20's and lasting through the 50's. This caused many people to be stereotyped and accused of their beliefs regardless of the truth.

WWII: In the United States

1920's and Social Work

Today...

After the War: Women

The Great Depression

Professionalization of Social Work

Works Progress Administration

Maternity

The Sheppard-Towner Act was put into effect in 1921 as well. This act was to help out the mothers and infants. It was to reduce the number of moralities during birth and pregnancy. Many feminist reforms agreed and supported the act, including; Grace Abbot and Julia Lathrop. (Lewis)

1920

Go Home! It's your Duty!

1921

• Social Security Act
• Baby Boomers
• Veterans

• First job program
• Harry Hopkins
• Work not Welfare!
• roads, buildings, arts
• 9 million helped
• $10 million spent

• Split between professional social work and public welfare complete

• 1930's: communist social workers-> Mary Van Kleeck

• Social casework
• Medical model
• Freud's psychosexual theory
• "happiness is to love and to work"

• October 1929 --> Stock market crash
• Paper Stocks --> No real $
• Unemployment Skyrockets!
• 40-90%
• 5 million by Sept. 1930
• Minorities and women
• Dust Bowl
• Hoover's Attempts
• Riots

• Red Scare
• Women's Suffrage
• KKK
• Prohibition
• Child Welfare League of America

• 1942 Selective Service Act -> factories empty
• 1943: unemployment ended (1.2%)
• 1945: wartime peak
• -> 19.5 million women employed
• 40% Black 25% White
• Equal pay for equal work
• Better conditions

Women's Suffrage Act

Women's Suffrage was where they would not allow women to vote and have the same political duty as men in this time. This was changed by many people in the social work field trying to overcome oppression of women. The few but not all that helped with this situation were Jane Adams, Lillian Wald, and Florence Kelly who were all heavily into social work and help for the people in the early 1920's. (Huff)

Big Deal Here!

Japanese Concentration Camps

1942: 112,000+ Japanese Americans in 10 camps

Race

Social Security Act

The American Association of Social Workers was created. It is now called the Nation Association of Social Workers. This is the largest membership organization for social workers in the world. They are involved with enhancing professional growth and development of its members and to maintain professional standards.

• 1943: Congress of Racial Equality challenges discrimination

• June 25, 1941

The Dust Bowl

Dorothea Lange

Migrant Mother

KKK

Child Welfare League of America

The Ku Klux Klan, was at its peak high in 1920, with over 4 million members nation wide. While being founded in the southern states in the 1860's, it made its way around the nation, and is still around today. Even though not as widely thought of now, it is still big in the US.

Social Security

The child Welfare League of America (CWLA) is the oldest child welfare organization in the United States. The primary goal of the organization is to ensure the safety and welfare of the children in the nation.

• Security Net
• Chancellor Otto
• Harry Hopkins & Francis Perkins
• 1.) Fed. Social Insurance for workforce
• 2.) Fed./state public assistance
• Aid to: Old age, the blind, dependent children

• Deserving Poor
• OASI
• Unemployment

1936

December 7, 1941

Pearl Harbor is attacked by Japanese bombers.

The U.S. officially enters WWII

Meanwhile in the world...

• Germany and Japan sign Anti-Comintern Pact
• Hitler Fuehrer
• Japan declares war on China

1935

1940

2014

1930

1920

Help The Future

Women's Suffrage

Veterans

In 1926, the United States Veteran Bureau began to hire social workers to help retired veterans and active duty men and women in the military.

More of the 20's

FDR & the New Deal

Social Work After the War

After the War: Soldiers

Where did you learn that?

WWII: In the World

The New Deal --> It's a Big Deal!

• In 1923, The 1st social work course was taught in West Reserve University in Cleveland.
• This was a huge ground breaking for social work, because it allowed it to be taught for a degree and give others the chance to be a social worker and work for a cause as well as letting them become a licensed professional.

• 1933
• A Recovery Program
• Roosevelt --> felt obligated to help
• Keynesian economics
• Key Programs:
• FERA (1933)
• NIRA (1933)
• CCC (1933)
• WPA (1935)
• SSA (1935)

• Don't want another Great Depression!
• 1944: Serviceman's Readjustment Act (aka G.I. Bill)
• Vocational or higher education for veterans
• Better quality of life
• 3.4 billion in 1950
• National Mental Health Act of 1946

• Idea of women in the home
• Baby Boom = new market: the family
• Emphasis on mental illness
• Drug Abuse
• 1930's: 31,00-70,000 social workers
• Group work professionally recognized: Mary Follett
• Virginia Robinson: client and environment
• 1946: National School Lunch Program
• 1949: Housing Act of 1949

• The 19th Amendment was put into place and allowed women the right to vote.
• The National Conference of Catholic Charities is established.

• ENDS GREAT DEPRESSION!
• 1939 Invasion of Poland
• A brief background
• Hitler, Mussolini & Nazi Party
• Neutrality Act 1937
• Concentration camps
• 8-10 million detained
• 6 million killed

FERA

• Federal Emergency Relief Act
• Harry Hopkins
• $500 million direct relief
• $3 billion in 3 years

NIRA

• National Industrial Redevelopment Act
• Control of: production, prices, and worker rights

CCC

• Civilian Conservation Corps
• Males 18-25
• Reduce unemployment
• Conservation projects

American Association of Psychiatric Social Workers

The AAPSW is a part of the Nation American Social Workers organization. This is based more towards clinical social workers. Clinical social workers are those who work with treatment and prevention. They can deal with a variety of things from addictions to behavioral disorders. It is just a matter of the field that he/she is wanting to go into.

References

• Barker, R. (1995). Milestones in the Development of Social Work and Social Welfare. In The social work dictionary (3rd ed.). Retrieved from http://www.socialworkers.org/profession/centennial/milestones_3.htm
• Day, P. J. (1989). A new history of social welfare. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
• Encyclopædia Britannica. (2007, February 15). World War II: Japan Bombs Pearl Harbor (Britannica.com). [Video file]. Retrieved from
• Glicken, M. D. (2011). Social work in the 21st century: An introduction to social welfare, social issues, and the profession (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
• Hamburg, D. [Daniel Hamburg]. Women’s Suffrage in the 20th Century. [Video file]. Retrieved from
• Huff, D. (n.d.). The Professionals. In Progress and reform (ch. IV). Retrieved from http://www.socialworkhistorystation.org/history/chapts/4-1.htm
• Johnson Lewis, J. (n.d.). Sheppard-Towner (Maternity) Act of 1921: Background. Retrieved from http://womenshistory.about.com/od/laws/a/sheppard-towner.htm