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Anna Freud

By Jess and Vick

Career

  • Anna’s interest in psychoanalysis was piqued when her father used her as the subject of his research in 1918.
  • In 1922, Anna became a member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society and began working with children.

  • Anna became a psychoanalyst in her late 20s without requiring a medical degree.

Who is Anna Freud?

  • In 1935, she became the director of the Vienna Psychoanalytical Training Institute and as well published her best-known book “The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense”.

Major Influences

  • In 1941, during WWII she formed the Hampstead War Nursery.
  • Published three books based on her experience at the war nursery, ‘Young Children in Wartime’ (1942), ‘Infants Without Families’ (1943), and ‘War and Children’ (1943).

  • She is recognized as the founder of child psychoanalysis
  • She also expanded her father's work and identified many different types of defense mechanisms that the ego uses to protect itself from anxiety. While Sigmund Freud described a number of defense mechanisms, it was his daughter Anna who provided the clearest and most completed look at mechanisms of defense in her book The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense (1936). Many of these defense mechanisms (such as denial, repression, and suppression) have become so well-known that they are used in our modern day society.

Anna’s theory was that we use defense mechanisms to protect ourselves from the feeling of anxiety or guilt, which surfaces because we feel threatened. They are not under our control. With the ego, our mind will use one or more to protect us when we are in a stressful situation in life.

Early Life

  • Anna Freud was born in Vienna, Austria on December 3rd, 1895.
  • She was the youngest of 6 children born to Sigmund Freud and his wife Martha.

Defense Mechanism

  • She was the only child in the family who became a psychoanalyst.

Awards

  • She learned Hebrew, German, English, French and Italian from her father and his house guests

After the 1950's until the end of her life she has received many honors, decorations and honorary degrees including;

  • Freud’s parents sent her away to health camps every summer in order to help her overcome health problems, which included depression and chronic eating disorders.

Theory on Child Analysis

  • 1965: Dolly Madison Award
  • 1967: was named a Commander of the British Empire
  • 1975: MD degree from the University of Vienna
  • 1975: received the Grand Decoration of Honor in Gold

  • Anna finished her education at the Cottage Lyceum in Vienna in 1912.

There are a large number of defense mechanisms. One example is the use of denial. Denial involves blocking external events from conscious awareness. If a situation is too much to handle, the person will refuse to experience it. This is a well known and dangerous defense, no one can ignore reality and get away with it for long! For example, smokers may refuse to admit to themselves that smoking is bad for their health.

  • She taught third, fourth and fifth graders at her childhood school but later abandoned teaching soon afterward due to multiple episodes of illness.

By virtue of her studies of children, she, in effect, established the field of child psychoanalysis. Child analysis is a form of treatment and research which uses the play of children to help them with their problems. The goal is to aid children - and their parents - to understand their feelings and behaviors and get their development back on track. As the child gets older and moves toward and into adolescence, the therapy involves less play and more talking. Work with the parents is an important part of child and adolescent analysis.

  • She translated some of her father's works into German, increasing her interest in child psychology and psychoanalysis.

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