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Social/Political events/Catalyst(s):

Artist Technique/media/form(s):

  • The Romans did not believe, as we do today, that to have a copy of an artwork was of any less value that to have the original. The copies, however, were more often variations rather than direct copies, and they had small changes made to them.
  • In the Republican period, art was produced in the service of the state, depicting public sacrifices or celebrating victorious military campaigns.
  • Augustus’s rise to power in Rome signaled the end of the Roman Republic and the formation of Imperial rule.
  • Roman art was now put to the service of aggrandizing the ruler and his family.
  • “Classical”, or “Classicizing,” when used in reference to Roman art refers broadly to the influences of Greek art from the Classical and Hellenistic periods (480-31 B.C.E.).
  • The characteristics of Late Antique art include frontality, stiffness of pose and drapery, deeply drilled lines, less naturalism, squat proportions and lack of individualism.

  • the Romans utilized a volcanic stone native to Italy called tufa to construct their buildings
  • Roman concrete (opus caementicium), was developed early in the 2nd c. BCE.buildings - initiated the Roman architectural revolution, allowing for builders to be much more creative with their designs. Since concrete takes the shape of the mold or frame it is poured into, buildings began to take on ever more fluid and creative shapes. - Concrete played an important part in Roman building, helping them construct structures like aqueducts that included arches.
  • The major contribution the Romans made to the mortar recipe was the introduction of volcanic Italian sand (also known as “pozzolana”).
  • The Roman builders who used pozzolana rather than ordinary sand noticed that their mortar was incredibly strong and durable. It also had the ability to set underwater.
  • Roman art also encompasses a broad spectrum of media including sculpturing, marble, painting, mosaic, gems, silver and bronze work, and terracotta. (influences by the greeks)

Artists

Mosaic Artwork

Arellius: was a Roman painter active in the 1st century BC

Mosaic artwork was fairly popular in ancient roman. They're made with small pieces of ceramic tiles. Used to cover counter tops, walls, & floors. The ceramic helped keep houses cool, making it easier to keep houses clean.

Arellius was in high esteem at Rome. He was know for his distant love or being in love with some woman or other, it was his practice, in painting goddesses, to give them the features of his mistresses; that there were always some figures of prostitutes to be seen in his pictures.

Artists certainly existed in antiquity but we know very little about them, especially during the Roman period, because of a lack of documentary evidence such as contracts or letters.

There are a few popular ones:

  • Arellius
  • Publius Aelius Fortunatus
  • Quintus Pedius (deaf painter)
  • Spurius Tadius
  • Michelangelo Buonarroti

Architectures

Malibu Painter:

He was a painter popularly known for his painting of Fayum mummy portrait. He was also known for his use of highlights and shadow. His paintings included distinctive form of nose and mouth.

  • In ancient roman times, architecture art has produced its greatest innovations. The Romans adopted the Greek structures of the theater, temples, racing arenas, building on them making them larger and more imperial. The Romans developed a type of cement which allowed them to build larger, taller buildings, and entirely new structures. *ex. The Colosseum or Temple of Minerva
  • The Colosseum- is one of the worlds most famous and magnificent architectural pieces. The Colosseum was constructed between 70 and 80 A.D. under three emperors: Vespasian, Titus, and Dominton. It was given the name "Colosseum" after a "colossal" statue of Nero found in close to the structure. Up to 50,000 spectators could experience the brutal fights of the gladiators that took place. It was damaged by fire and earthquake several times but was continually restored until the end of the 5th century.
  • The Temple of Minerva- The interior of the library and all its books were destroyed by fire in the devastating earthquake that struck the city in 262. Only the facade survived.

Sculptures

  • In ancient roman, They were heavy influences by the greeks when it came to sculptures. The contrast of the two was Greeks statues were of idealized human forms of athletes and gods while Roman statues depicted real people, primarily people important enough to have an image of them commissioned, or wealthy enough to afford their own.
  • Romans made sculptures of heroes, emperors, and generals. They also used sculpted images to adorn the capitals of columns and the helmets of gladiators.
  • Augustus of Primaporta- It's a portraits of Augustus, the first emperor of the Roman Empire. He's wears military regalia and his right arm is outstretched, demonstrating that the emperor is addressing his troops. We immediately sense the emperor’s power as the leader of the army and a military conqueror.

Roman Art (500 B.C-A.D 476)

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