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"It is advisable to address these basic concepts [of music] through listening to a wide variety of music, including not only music from standard Western tonal repertoire but also twentieth-century art music, jazz, popular music, and the music of non-Western cultures...moreover, there is increasing emphasis throughout colleges on equipping students to deal with music of their own time and of various world cultures ."
--AP Music Theory Course Description
Clave
Son clave
Rumba clave
Bossa clave
Tresillo
Musical theatre: syncopation and swing are incorporated.
Jazz: syncopation, pentatonic
scales, and polyrhythms.
Modern pop music includes rhythms such
as the tresillo and clave.
Cinquillo
Bossa nova, salsa, and other Latin American
musical styles have come to America over time.
Coastal cultures (such as Bantu and Mande) have had
the greatest impact on the U.S. in terms of gospel music.
Complex webs of contrasting rhythms.
Found throughout Africa in societies such as the Yorùbá, the Ewe, the Akan, and the Ibo.
Polyrhythms use both main (steady) and secondary (variant) beats to produce "static" and "dynamic" periods of sound. These contrasting beats correspond to times of difficulty or obstacles faced in one's life.
Cuban music is a fusion of African rhythms and Spanish
musical structures; it "incorporates the Central African
style of drumming." (Simmons)
The Yorùbá culture impacted Cuba through bàtá drumming.
In Yorùbá culture, bàtá drums have been used historically for
religious purposes.
In Cuba, they are usually heard and played in secular contexts,
such as in orchestral and band compositions.
Dance-drumming in the Anlo-Ewe community
Anlo-Ewe community: rhythmic music represents the obstacles
and struggles faced in life; brings the community together.
This social dance is performed by the Manian people. It includes both tresillo-based patterns and cinquillo-based patterns, as well as a clave rhythm that is played by the djembe as a
starting and ending rhythm.
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The cultural influence of rhythm on sub-Saharan African music has created specific instrumental uses and rhythmic patterns that have had a great impact on global music from countries within the African diaspora.
As a result of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, Brazil's
music has been influenced by the cultures of sub-
Saharan countries. Samba and clave were
introduced to the country along with
the bossa clave, a variation that
is used widely today in Brazilian
music.