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Deaf Literature
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Deaf Literature
Clayton Valli & Nathie Marbury
Clayton Valli:
- One of the most famous ASL poets
- Got his Ph.D in Linguistics and AsL Poetics at the Union Institute in Cincinnati, Ohio
- The first person to ever get a Ph.D in ASL poetry in 1993
Nathie Marbury:
- Two Master of Arts degrees in 1976 from California State University at Northridge (CSUN)
- Got her Ph.D in 2007, specializing Deaf studies/Deaf education at UCLA & Lamar University
- Known for her advocacy of intersectionality among Deaf and ethnic identities
ASL Storytelling
ASL Literature
Visual Vernacular: Mix of classifiers and pantomime, involving the use of cinematic concepts, such as close-ups and wide shots
Personification: Embodiment of a thing
Personal Narratives: Narration of a personal experience
ABC/123 Stories: A story expressed in the structure of numerical and alphabet handshapes, following a specific order
Classifier Stories: A story narrated through the use of classifiers
only
Translated Work: A written piece told in ASL
Adapted Work: A written piece, modified to reflect Deaf culture and told in ASL
Original Work: An original story told in ASL
- Use of an unique medium
- Vibrant three-dimensional art form where body movements convey meaning
- The body becomes the text
- Film has become an essential tool in preservation
ASL Poetry
- Rhyme: Repetition of hand shapes
- Rhythm: Expressed through a combination of movement, pauses, holds and repeated patterns
- Meter: Repeated movements or
A-Z & 1-10 stories.
Two Venues of Deaf Literature
Deaf Lit Categories
"Biculturalism, bilingualism, and bicognitivism" (136)
Deaf Literature: Written English
- Creates representation for the Deaf community
- Shows the capability of Deaf people to produce literature
Deaf Literature: Signed (ASL Literature)
- Form of orature
- Brings recognition to the legitimacy of sign language
Stories about Deaf people by hearing authors (up to the 21st century):
- "Deafness is in opposition to hearing and because of their lack of hearing, the deaf characters are isolated from society."
Stories and poems by Deaf people:
- "Deaf and hard-of-hearing writers create their states of being that are distinct from the isolated, lonely, angry, or quasihearing states of being devised by the mainstreamed writers" (140).
The Role of Conflict
"The profound impact of deafness on the individual's pace in society...little to do with the inability to hear but much to do with the marginal and stigmatized position of deaf people in an unaccommodating and aggressively hearing world" (150).