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Electrical Properties Of Matter
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Electrical Properties Of Matter
3 Major Components
Conductors
Basically it's materials that support the passage of an electric current under an applied voltage.
Example of a Conductor?- Metals are good conductors because of their bonding. Metallic bonding includes the "sea of electrons" instead of individual bonds. The free electrons are able to move more freely. Since metals have no band gap, electrons can reach the conduction band easily which creates conductivity.
Metals conduct less as they become hotter
Insulators
It can be a material or an object that has difficulty / or does not easily allow heat, electricity, light, or sound to pass through it. NOT FREE TO TRAVEL! Since the atomic structure does not have free electrons, it does not conduct electricity well. Insulators possess the largest band gap, therefore electrons can't jump to the higher energy band which causes no current to flow!
Example of an Insulator?-Glass, Quartz, Rubber, Wood
An insulator needs a large amount of energy to get a small amount of current.
Semiconductors
It is a substance that can conduct electricity under some conditions.Although, they can conduct electricity when they have impurities added or in other words being "doped."A semiconductor's conductivity will increase with temperature whether it has been doped or not. Conductivity changes with environment
Because of the medium sized band gap, electrons jump between the conduction and valance bands. Adding enough energy through heat can help push the electrons to reach the higher energy band is an example of changing the conductivity in a semiconductor.
Example of a Semiconductor?-Silicon or Germanium
Difference Between Semiconductors and Insulators?
- The main difference between semiconductors and insulators is that the band gap in insulators is larger than the band gap in semiconductors.