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Main Characters

Prince Escalus

•Juliet’s father is ................................................

•................................................ is the name of Romeo’s friend who is a joker.

•Romeo’s loyal servant is called ................................................

•................................................ is the holy man who tries to help Romeo and Juliet.

•The man who wants to marry Juliet is called ................................................

•The ruler of Verona is ................................................

•................................................ is the name of Juliet’s nanny.

•Romeo’s father is ................................................

•Juliet’s mother is ................................................

•................................................ is the name of Romeo’s sensible friend.

•Juliet’s troublesome cousin is called ................................................

•................................................ is Romeo’s mother.

The Prologue

What is a prologue?

The Story

Romeo instead meets and falls in love with Juliet.

ROMEO

If I profane with my unworthiest hand

This holy shrine, the gentle fine is this:

My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand

To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss.

JULIET

Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much,

Which mannerly devotion shows in this;

For saints have hands that pilgrims' hands do touch,

And palm to palm is holy palmers' kiss.

Montague argues that Romeo has justly executed Tybalt for the murder of Mercutio.

Prince Escalus exiles Romeo from Verona, with threat of execution upon return.

Romeo secretly spends the night in Juliet's chamber, where they consummate their marriage.

Capulet, misinterpreting Juliet's grief, agrees to marry her to Paris.

However, when Juliet refuses to become Paris' bride he threatens to disown her.

When she then pleads for the marriage to be delayed, her mother rejects her.

The messenger, however, does not reach Romeo and, instead, Romeo learns of Juliet's apparent death from his servant Balthasar.

Heartbroken, Romeo buys poison from an apothecary and goes to the Capulet crypt.

He encounters Paris who has come to mourn Juliet privately. Believing Romeo to be a vandal, Paris confronts him and, after a fight, Romeo kills Paris.

Still believing Juliet to be dead, he drinks the poison.

Juliet then awakens and, finding Romeo dead, stabs herself with his dagger.

The feuding families and the Prince meet at the tomb to find all three dead. Friar Laurence recounts the story of the two "star-cross'd lovers".

The families are reconciled by their children's deaths and agree to end their violent feud.

For never was a story of more woe

Than this of Juliet and her Romeo.

What are the main

themes in

Romeo and Juliet?

Treatment

of women

Juliet

Lady Capulet

Lady Montague

Nurse

Rosaline

Juliet

Lady Capulet

Love

Love is naturally the play's most dominant theme.

List as many words as

you can that describe

love in Romeo and Juliet.

Sonnet

Act 1 Scene 5

What is a sonnet?

A sonnet is a perfect, idealized poetic form often used to write about love.

Encapsulating the moment of origin of Romeo and Juliet’s love within a sonnet therefore creates a perfect match between literary content and formal style.

Where Romeo and Juliet first meet at the

Capulet party.

The shared sonnet between Romeo and Juliet creates a formal link between their love and their destiny.

With a single sonnet, Shakespeare finds a means of expressing perfect love and linking it to a tragic fate.

ROMEO

If I profane with my unworthiest hand

This holy shrine, the gentle fine is this:

My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand

To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss.

JULIET

Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much,

Which mannerly devotion shows in this;

For saints have hands that pilgrims' hands do touch,

And palm to palm is holy palmers' kiss.

ROMEO

Have not saints lips, and holy palmers too?

JULIET

Ay, pilgrim, lips that they must use in prayer.

ROMEO

O then, dear saint, let lips do what hands do:

They pray, grant thou, lest faith turn to despair.

JULIET

Saints do not move, though grant for prayers' sake.

ROMEO

Then move not while my prayer's effect I take.

Thus from my lips, by thine, my sin is purg'd.

Kissing her

JULIET

Then have my lips the sin that they have took.

ROMEO

Sin from my lips? O trespass sweetly urg'd!

Give me my sin again.

Kissing her again

JULIET

You kiss by th' book.

ROMEO

Write down a list of words that you

would use to decribe Romeo.

Who does Romeo have a relationship

with in the play?

What sort of impression do we get of Romeo from these relationships?

JULIET

Write down words that you would use to describe Juliet.

Point Evidence Explain

Why use PEE?

When writing an essay to answer a quesion it is always important to give reasons for what you say.

Examples from the text give evidence to back up whatever point you are making.

Explain your point. This is where you get the marks!!!

For example:

Romeo says he is unworthy of Juliet, 'If I profane with my unworthiest hand'. He does this to make Juliet think that he does not think much of himself and encourages her to feel sorry for him.

How does Shakespeare present Romeo and Juliet's relationship in Act 1?

Relationship

How does Romeo and Juliet's realtionship

develop during Act 1?

Use your copies of Romeo and Juliet and your knowledge so far to complete a DETAILED mind map as a plan for your answer.

Controlled

assessment

You MUST make sure that

you answer the question.

1. What do we learn about

Romeo and his attitude to relationships

from Lord Montague?

2.What do we learn about Romeo and

the way he talks about Rosaline?

3. How does Romeo talk about Juliet?

What does this tell us about how he

feels about her?

4.Does this compare to how he talks

about Rosaline?

5. What impression do we get about

Romeo and Juliet's relationship from the

sonnet?

Courtly love

A perfect and often forbidden form of love celebrated in the

literature of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance in which a knight or

courtier devotes himself to a lady who is usually married

and who pretends not to care to preserve her reputation.

Courtly love stereotypes

The typical lover:

• He would be a young male, who loved a lady, probably of higher rank than himself,

from a distance

• He would lie awake at nights, pining in despair

• He would write verses about the pain of his unrequited love for his ‘mistress’

The typical lady:

• She, meanwhile, from the security of her home, would have an attitude of total disdain. She would ignore him.

Can you find two quotes that show 'courtly love' between Romeo and Rosaline?

Explore how Shakespeare presents Romeo’s relationship with Juliet and compare with his relationship to Rosaline in Act One of ‘Romeo and Juliet’.

Introduction(1) – explain generally how Shakespeare portrays Romeo’s experience of relationships in ‘Romeo and Juliet’

Paragraph 2 – ACT 1 SCENE 1

Montague’s description of Romeo’s depression about Rosaline

Paragraph 3/4 – ACT 1 SCENE 1

oxymorons – courtly lover = pining for Rosaline

And other quotations to do with his ‘love’ for Rosaline(‘cold fire’)

Paragraph 4/5 – ACT 1 SCENE 5 seeing Juliet at party(‘torches’)

Paragraph 6 - ACT 1 SCENE 5 sonnet – persuading Juliet to kiss(‘holy shrine’)

Conclusion (7)– sum up what you have learnt about Romeo’s attitude to love and relationships

Notes

You can take in notes to the controlled assessment. These notes MUST NOT be a plan.

Your notes should include:

Key words or phrases that you may have trouble remembering.

Things you want to remember to do in the essay.

Beginnings of quotes. There is no point wasting space by writing out whole quotes - you will have copies of the extracts with you.

You can NOT:

Write a plan

Write detailed sentences or paragraphs excatly as you will write them in your essay.

Task: Examine how Harper Lee presents the character of Calpurnia in To Kill

a Mockingbird. Refer closely to the text in your answer.

Page references

First appearance: Page 11

Writing: Page 24

Walter Cunningham: Page 30

Mad dog: Page 98

Jem growing up: Page 121

Church: page 123

Aunt Alexandra’s view: Page 142

Courtroom: 212

Missionary group: Page 234

Tom’s death: Page: 241

Key quotations

Calpurnia always won, mainly because Atticus always took her side. (Page

12)

In Calpurnia’s teaching, there was no sentimentality. (Page 25)

‘Yo’ folks might be better’n the Cunninghams but it don’t count for nothin’

the way you’re disgracing ‘em.’ (Page 30

Calpurnia stared, then grabbed us by the shoulders and ran us home.

(Page 99)

‘I don’t want anybody sayin’ I don’t look after my children.’ (Page 123)

That Calpurnia led a modest double life never dawned on me.’ Page 131)

‘She tried to bring up according to her lights and Cal’s lights are pretty

good and another thing- the children love her.’ (Page 142)

Remember:

Prove what you say by reference to the text.

Keep the quotations short.

Look at the way the author uses the language- word choices etc.

Don’t tell the story.

Think about the way Calpurnia reacts to other people and what other people

think of her.

Remember that Scout tells the story and we see Calpurnia through her eyes.

Be relevant and organised.

This essay is the first of three parts.

You are only allowed one notes pages for all three essays.

For that reason, your notes page must be divided into 3

and your notes for this essay must only be written on one section.

Explore how Shakespeare presents Romeo’s relationship

with Juliet and compare with his relationship to

Rosaline in Act One of ‘Romeo and Juliet’.

PLAN

What makes a

good introduction?

What makes a

good conclusion?

Point

Evidence

Explain

PEE

Make your point - this must help to answer the question.

Find eveidence to support (prove) your point.

Point : Romeo says he is unworthy of Juliet

Evidence: 'If I profane with my unworthiest hand'

Explain: He does this to make Juliet think that he does not think much of himself and encourages her to feel sorry for him.

Use you Act 1 Scene 5 anotations to answer this question.

How does Romeo try to convince Juliet to kiss him? Does he succeed?

Remember to PEE!!

Two households both alike in dignity

(In fair Verona, where we lay our scene)

From ancient grudge break to new mutiny,

Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.

From forth the fatal loins of these two foes

A pair of star-cross’d lovers take their life

Whose misadventur’d piteous overthrows

Doth with their death bury their parents’ strife.

The fearful passage of their death-mark’d love

And the continuance of their parents’ rage,

Which, but their children’s end, nought could remove,

Is now the two hours’ traffic of our stage:

The which, if you with patient ears attend,

What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend.

The Capulets

The Montagues

Friar Laurence

A holy man who tries to help Romeo and Juliet.

Lord Montague

Lady Montague

Romeo

Mercutio

Benvolio

Balthasar

Lord Capulet

Lady Capulet

Juliet

Tybalt

Nurse

Paris

Romeo's friend - a joker.

Juliet's cousin

Ruler of Verona who tries to keep order and fails.

Juliet's Nanny

Romeo's sensible friend

A man who wants to marry Juliet

Romeo's loyal servant

Proud

Young

Excitable

Strong

Calm

Frustrated

Level-headed

Spontaneous

Loyal

Happy

What do you know about

Romeo and Juliet?

Mind Map

Using your annotated copies

of the prologue, write your

own version.

intense

level-headed

impulsive

cautious

spontaneous

infatuated

happy

sensible

fickle

young

mature

Romeo and Juliet

The play opens during a brawl between the Monatgues and the

Capulets.

Prince Escalus intervenes and declares that a further breach of the

peace will be punishable by death.

Later, Count Paris talks to Capulet about marrying his daughter, but Capulet asks Paris to wait another two years and invites him to

attend a planned Capulet ball.

Lady Capulet and Juliet's nurse try to persuade Juliet to accept

Paris's courtship.

Meanwhile, Benvolio talks with Romeo about his recent depression.

Benvolio discovers that it is because he is infatuated with a girl named Rosaline.

Persuaded by Benvolio and Mercutio, Romeo attends the ball at the Capulet house in hopes of meeting Rosaline.

After the ball, in what is now called the "balcony scene", Romeo sneaks into the Capulet orchard and overhears Juliet at her window vowing her love to him in spite of her family's hatred of the Montagues.

Romeo makes himself known to her and they agree to be married.

With the help of Friar Laurence, who hopes to reconcile the two families through their children's union, they are secretly married the next day.

Juliet's cousin Tybalt is angry that Romeo had sneaked into the Capulet ball and challenges him to a duel.

Romeo, now considering Tybalt his kinsman, refuses to fight. Mercutio is offended by Tybalt's insolence, as well as Romeo's submission and accepts the duel on Romeo's behalf.

Mercutio is fatally wounded when Romeo attempts to break up the fight.

Grief-stricken and wracked with guilt, Romeo confronts and kills Tybalt.

Juliet visits Friar Laurence for help, and he offers her a drug that will put her into a deathlike coma for 42 hours.

The Friar promises to send a messenger to inform Romeo of the plan, so that he can rejoin her when she awakens.

On the night before her wedding to Paris, she takes the drug and, when discovered apparently dead, she is laid in the family crypt.

William Shakespeare

Compare R&R's realtionship with R&J's

Mercutio

Benvolio

Romeo

Juliet

Compare/contrast

The same

Romeo obsessed with both women

Throws himself into the relationship.

Both women are in control?

Different

R&J's realtionship is equal

Beautfiul imagery

Positive attitude towards the realtionship

R&R

Unrequited. Courtly love. Romeo is depressed. Obsessive. Predicts his future realtionships. Locks himself away. Oxymorons.

R&J

Equal love. Juliet is like nothing he has ever seen before. She stands out. Beautiful imagery. Rhyming couplets. Sonnet. Persuading her to kiss him. Religion. Compares kissing to praying. Link to religion suggest this relationship is very imporant. Shakespearian times.

Remember:

Write characters with capital letters

Use paragraphs

Context Answer the question!!

Poetry

Links

Appropriate notes

Make a list of all

the women you can think

of in the play.

Context

How are these women

treated during the play?

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