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The political system of France

POLITICAL HISTORY

OF FRANCE

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

Historically

unstable regimes

-200 years-

THE SENATE

Sénat

The Upper House

The Fifth Republic

(4 Octobre 1958 - )

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

Assemblée Nationale

  • 348 senators for 6-years term
  • Municipal councillors elect them
  • Represents local bodies
  • Controls Executive
  • Votes amendments and laws
  • Blocks constitutional changes

Algiers Crisis of May 1958

Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962)

The Lower House

CHARLES DE GAULLE

revision of the constitution

National Assembly Composition

15 Constitutions

5 Republics

3 Monarchies

2 Empires

2 Provisional governments

1 Fascist regime

It has less power than the NA:

  • NA has the last word when there is no agreement
  • Seen as out-dated, conservative and unrepresentative

In power until 1969

(because of the protests

of May 1968)

  • 577 deputies for 5-years term
  • Initiative and adoption of laws
  • Examination of public policies
  • Control of the Executive
  • Vote of non-confidence (Motion de censure) to someone of the Cabinet

Electoral System

OVERVIEW

Republic

Unitary state

Highly centralized

Semi-presidential system

OVERSEA TERRITORIES OF FRANCE

La France des Outre-Mer

EXECUTIVE

BRANCH

Gen. Charles

de Gaulle

More power to the Executive when deciding political actions

Stability

Council of Ministers

Prime Minister

  • Nominated by the President on the advise of Prime Minister
  • Directs and decides the policy of the nation
  • Writes bills and issues decrees
  • Responsible for national defence
  • Responsible of the budget
  • Responsible to the Parliament (Motion de censure)

THE HEAD OF GOVERNMENT

HEAD OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

  • Directs the actions of Government
  • Recommends ministers
  • Can engage the responsibility of Government before NA

Elected by the President

(main party of NA)

COHABITATION

THE HEAD OF STATE

Manuel Valls

President

President and Prime Minister are from different parties

Since 31 March 2014

  • François Mitterrand - Jacques Chirac (1986-1988)
  • François Mitterrand - Édouard Balladur (1993-1995)
  • Jacques Chirac - Lionel Jospin (1997-2002)

The first cohabitation

  • Promulgates laws
  • Appoints the Prime Minister
  • Directly elected by majority
  • Emergency powers
  • Can refrain treaties and certain laws and call referendums
  • Can dissolve NA
  • Names and dismisses ministers
  • Names certain members of CC
  • Commander-in-Chief of the FAF

JUDICIAL BRANCH

François Hollande

Since 15 May 2012

COUNCIL OF STATE

Conseil d'État

  • CIVIL LAW
  • INDEPENDENT
  • CODE CIVIL / CODE NAPOLÉON (1804)

Parliamentary representation

"Autonomy statutes"

Legal adviser of the Executive

Supreme Court of Administrative justice

COURT OF CASSATION

Cour of Cassation

CONSTITUTIONAL COUNCIL

Conseil Constitutionnel

Supervision of elections

Reviews constitutionality

Court of last resort in Civil

and Criminal cases

COURT OF AUDITORS

Cours des Comptes

Xavi Crivillés, Anna Pretel and Mario Villarreal

Audits: government finances, public institutions and

entities

Introduction to Political Science

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